Role of the C-terminal extension peptide of plastid located glutamine synthetase from Medicago truncatula: Crucial for enzyme activity and needless for protein import into the plastids

Ferreira, Maria João; Diogo, Vale; Cunha, Luís; Melo, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.015

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…All analyzed duckweed GS genes were composed of 13 exons and 12 introns, with no size variation of exons 1 through 12 (74,40,104,49,107,88,129,75,54,38, 160, 61 bp, respectively) for SpGS1;1-1;3 but some variation in the intron lengths. Compared to the three SpGS1 genes, SpGS2 is a bit larger in size due to longer introns, and longer exons 1 and 13, which contain a chloroplast signal peptide and short variable C-terminal extension peptides (Figures 4 and S8), the last one considered important for enzyme activity and do not take part in the import process to plastids [45].…”

Section: Glutamine Synthetasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of NO3− and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes

Zhou

Kishchenko

Stepanenko

et al. 2021

Plants

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Duckweed plants play important roles in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. They rapidly accumulate biomass and have potential uses in bioremediation of water polluted by fertilizer runoff or other chemicals. Here we studied the assimilation of two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+), in six duckweed species: Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna turionifera, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globosa. All six duckweed species preferred NH4+ over NO3− and started using NO3− only when NH4+ was depleted. Using the available genome sequence, we analyzed the molecular structure and expression of eight key nitrogen assimilation genes in S. polyrhiza. The expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased about 10-fold when NO3− was supplied and decreased when NH4+ was supplied. NO3− and NH4+ induced the glutamine synthetase (GS) genes GS1;2 and the GS2 by 2- to 5-fold, respectively, but repressed GS1;1 and GS1;3. NH4+ and NO3− upregulated the genes encoding ferredoxin- and NADH-dependent glutamate synthases (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT). A survey of nitrogen assimilation gene promoters suggested complex regulation, with major roles for NRE-like and GAATC/GATTC cis-elements, TATA-based enhancers, GA/CTn repeats, and G-quadruplex structures. These results will inform efforts to improve bioremediation and nitrogen use efficiency.

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Section: Glutamine Synthetasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of NO3− and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes

Zhou

Kishchenko

Stepanenko

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…All analyzed duckweed GS genes were composed of 13 exons and 12 introns, with no size variation of exons 1 through 12 (74, 40, 104, 49, 107, 88, 129, 75, 54, 38, 160, 61 bp, respectively) for SpGS1;1-1;3 but some variation in the intron lengths. Compared to the three SpGS1 genes, SpGS2 is a bit larger in size due to longer introns, and longer exons 1 and 13, which contain a chloroplast signal peptide and short variable C-terminal extension peptides (Figure 4, Supplementary Figure 8 ), which are considered important for enzyme activity and do not take part in the import process to plastids (Ferreira et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Glutamine Synthetasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of NO3- and NH4+ uptake in duckweed are coordinated with the expression of major nitrogen assimilation genes

Zhou,

Kishchenko,

Stepanenko

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Duckweed plants play important roles in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. They rapidly accumulate biomass and have potential uses in bioremediation of water polluted by fertilizer runoff or other chemicals. Here we studied the assimilation of two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), in six duckweed species: Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna turionifera, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globosa. All six duckweed species preferred NH4+ over NO3- and started using NO3- only when NH4+ was depleted. Using the available genome sequence, we analyzed the molecular structure and expression of eight key nitrogen assimilation genes in S. polyrhiza. The expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased about 10-fold when NO3- was supplied and decreased when NH4+ was supplied. NO3- and NH4+ induced the glutamine synthetase (GS) genes GS1;2 and the GS2 by 2- to 5-fold, but repressed GS1;1 and GS1;3. NH4+ and NO3- upregulated the genes encoding ferredoxin- and NADH-dependent glutamate synthases (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT). A survey of nitrogen assimilation gene promoters suggested complex regulation, with major roles for NRE-like and GAATC/GATTC cis-elements, TATA-based enhancers, (GA/CT)n repeats, and G-quadruplex structures. These results will inform efforts to improve bioremediation and nitrogen use efficiency.

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“…The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) of the poplar leaf were analyzed to evaluate the relative importance of NH 4 + -N and NO 3 − -N in the poplar when undergoing different treatments. GS activity was determined via the method described by Aldarini et al [44] and Ferreira et al [45]. Fresh poplar leaf powder grounded in liquid nitrogen with quartz sand was extracted with Tris-HCl buffer (0.05 mol L −1 , pH 7.4) for 1 h; after centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 25 min at 4 • C, the supernatant was incubated with the reaction solution (40 mmol L −1 ATP, 80 mmol L −1 MgSO 4 , 20 mmol L −1 sodium glutamate, 20 mmol L −1 cysteine, 2 mmol L −1 EGTA and 80 mmol L −1 hydroxylamine-HCl) for 30 min at 37 • C, then the stop solution (0.2 mol L −1 TCA, 0.4 mol L −1 FeCl 3 and 0.6 mol L −1 HCl) was added to halt the reaction.…”

Section: Measurement Of Poplar Leaf Understory Vegetation and Soil Va...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Understory Vegetation Alleviates Nitrogen Competition with Crop Trees in Poplar Plantations

Zhang

Qin

Zhai

et al. 2021

Forests

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Understory vegetation plays a crucial role in nutrient turnover and cycling in plantations, but it also competes for nutrients with crop trees when only a single species is present due to its specific nutrient requirements. However, it remains unclear whether this competition can be alleviated when the species richness of understory vegetation increases. In this study, we tested different gradients of understory vegetation species richness, including understory vegetation removal (UR), the retention of a single main understory vegetation species (RS), and the retention of natural diverse understory vegetation (RD) as part of a poplar (Populus deltoides ‘Nanlin-3804′) plantation, to study their effects on poplar growth, and to evaluate nitrogen (N) usage and how this was affected by the interactions between the poplar and understory vegetation. The results showed a generally lower periodic growth, and a significant decline in the foliar chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of poplar under treatment with RS and RD compared to those under UR treatment conducted in July 2019, which clearly indicated N competition between the understory vegetation and poplar trees. However, no significant difference was detected in the foliar chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of poplar under RD and RS treatment; only the nitrate reductase activity in poplar leaves under RD treatment declined significantly, by 22.25%, in June 2019. On the contrary, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the poplar under RD treatment showed an increase of 34.69% from July to August 2019, compared with that under RS treatment. Furthermore, the increase in the species richness of understory vegetation resulted in an increase in the δ15N values in the poplar leaves, which was strongly regulated by the NH4+-N pool in the 10–20 cm soil layer, indicating the effective coordination of N utilization between poplar and understory vegetation when diversified understory plant species were present. These findings demonstrate the essential role of understory vegetation species diversity in alleviating N competition with crop trees, and provide guidance for understory vegetation management in poplar plantations.

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Role of the C-terminal extension peptide of plastid located glutamine synthetase from Medicago truncatula: Crucial for enzyme activity and needless for protein import into the plastids

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

The Dynamics of NO3− and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes

The Dynamics of NO3− and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes

The dynamics of NO3- and NH4+ uptake in duckweed are coordinated with the expression of major nitrogen assimilation genes

Diverse Understory Vegetation Alleviates Nitrogen Competition with Crop Trees in Poplar Plantations

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