Role of Turgor in Plant Cell Growth

Ray, Peter M.; Green, Paul B.; Cleland, Robert E.

doi:10.1038/239163a0

Cited by 218 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…Sporangium inclination results from differential elongation of cells on one side of the sporangium and, as previously mentioned, the annulus is composed of inflated cells (Crum, 2001), thus both of these features rely on cell expansion for proper development. The lower relative humidity and increased evaporation from the sporophyte may result in decreased turgor pressure, which is required for cell expansion (Ray et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

2013

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† Background and Aims In bryophytes the sporophyte offspring are in contact with, nourished from, and partially surrounded by the maternal gametophyte throughout their lifespan. During early development, the moss sporophyte is covered by the calyptra, a cap of maternal gametophyte tissue that has a multilayered cuticle. In this study the effects on sporophyte offspring fitness of removing the maternal calyptra cuticle, in combination with dehydration stress, is experimentally determined. † Methods Using the moss Funaria hygrometrica, calyptra cuticle waxes were removed by chemical extraction and individuals were exposed to a short-term dehydration event. Sporophytes were returned to high humidity to complete development and then aspects of sporophyte survival, development, functional morphology, and reproductive output were measured. † Key Results It was found that removal of calyptra cuticle under low humidity results in significant negative impacts to moss sporophyte fitness, resulting in decreased survival, increased tissue damage, incomplete sporophyte development, more peristome malformations, and decreased reproductive output. † Conclusions This study represents the strongest evidence to date that the structure of the calyptra cuticle functions in dehydration protection of the immature moss sporophyte. The investment in a maternal calyptra with a multilayered cuticle increases offspring fitness and provides a functional explanation for calyptra retention across mosses. The moss calyptra may represent the earliest occurance of maternal protection via structural provisioning of a cuticle in green plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

2013

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“…Irrespective of whether cell division or cell expansion is influenced, leaf cell turgor pressure is known to be necessary for maintaining cell growth (Boyer, 1968(Boyer, , 1985Ray, Green & Cleland, 1972;Bunce, 1977; and it is possible that increased leaf growth could be because of the improved water relations which result from lower stomata] conductances and increased rooting volumes often obset\'ed in plants exposed to ele\ated CO., (Morison & Gifford, i984a, ^;Berntson & Woodward, 1992;Kirkham, Lawlor & Kanemasu, 1992;Ferris & Taylor, \992a,b). However, considerable evidence also suggests that biophysical properties of the cell wall, including cell wall yield turgor (Y) and cell wall extensibility (0) may be of o\ erriding importance in controlling leaf cell expansion (Lockhart, 1965;Taiz, 1984;Taylor & Davies, 1985;Pritchard, Tomos & Wyn Jones, 1987;Passioura & Fry, 1993;Cosgrove, 1993a, b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Elevated CO₂, water relations and biophysics of leaf extension in four chalk grassland herbs

Ferris

Taylor

1994

New Phytologist

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.SUMMARY Diurnal measurements of leaf or leaflet extension, water relations and cell wall extensibility {(jj) were made on young growing leaves of four chalk downland herbs (Sanguisorba minor Scop., Lotus corniculatus L,, Anthyllis vulneraria L. and Plan/ago media L.) gtowing in controlled environment cabinets and exposed to either ambient or elevated CO^. This study re\'ealed ditierences in the efft-ct of CO,, and the control of It-af growth between the four sptcies. Leaf extt-iision rate (LER) lntreasfd significantly at night (average o'ver 8 h) in elevated CO., for S. minor, A. vultieraria and /'. media with a significant increase over the first 4 h of darkness for S. minor, L. corniculatus and P. media, whilst for 5, minor and P. media average day-time LER (over 16 h) also increased significantly in elevated CO^ as compared with ambient CO^. Water potential (4*), solute potential ("Fj, turgor pressure (P), yield turgor (Y) and the effective turgor for growth (Pe) were measured using psychrometers. Solute potentials of ^' ?. minor, A. vulneraria and P. media decreased significantly following exposure to ele\'ated CO^ with a significant reduction in y, during the day in A. I'ulneraria. Turgor pressure increased significantly in elevated CO, as compared with ambient CO., in A. i-utnerario but there was no effect of elevated CO^ on P in tbe otber species. No effects of CO., on 'F. Y or Pe were observed. Leaf cell wall extensibility {ij)) increased significantly in leaves ot" S. minor, L. corniculatus and P. media exposed to elevated i. 'O.,, whereas in A. •auinermia. there was no effect of CO.j on extensibility.Tbese results suggest thai the mechanism by which elevated CO^ promotes leaf growth differs between species since in S. minor, L. corniculatus and P. media, CO^ promoted growth through an InHuence on cell wall properties, whilst in A. rutneraria, higher values of P explain the increased leaf growth m ele^ ated CO^ for this species.

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“…Therefore, hydration of xylem tissue is hindered (Zeppel et al, 2004). Turgor pressure is considered to be the main driving factor of vessel enlargement (Ray et al, 1972). Therefore, vessel growth is negatively affected by the water defi cit (Sass & Eckstein, 1995).…”

Section: Lemeur 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-annual radial growth of European beech – a case study in north easternmost stand in Europe

Krišāns

Puriņa

Mesters³

et al. 2016

Forestry Studies

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Abstract. Fagus sylvatica L. is one of the most important commercial tree species in Europe and its natural distribution range is expected to shift northwards due to climatic changes. Detailed information of factors affecting its growth is crucial as a basis for recommendations of wider use of this tree species. Aim of the study was to characterize the changes of radial growth intensity of European beech during a vegetation season. In mature beech stand in northwest Latvia two sample trees (dominant (DT) and suppressed (ST)) were selected in Hylocomiosa forest type. Continuous measurements of changes of stem diameter and xylem sap fl ow as well as meteorological parameters were carried out. Stem cycle approach was applied to distinguish the duration of contraction, expansion and increment of the stem. Onset and cessation of growth of the ST tree was observed several days later compared with DT and mean growth intensity during the entire observation period was considerably lower (0.014 mm/day -1 for ST and 0.022 mm/day -1 for DT, respectively). Most intensive growth increment diurnally was observed in the early morning before sunrise, and seasonally till beginning of July. Positive effect of precipitation and low water pressure defi cit (VPD) on growth was observed, while high VPD coincided with stem contraction. Results indicate the sensitivity of radial growth of European beech to water defi cit and high atmospheric transpirational demand; therefore, future potential of cultivation of beech in Latvia depends on changes in moisture regime.

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Role of Turgor in Plant Cell Growth

Cited by 218 publications

References 8 publications

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

Elevated CO₂, water relations and biophysics of leaf extension in four chalk grassland herbs

Intra-annual radial growth of European beech – a case study in north easternmost stand in Europe

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Role of Turgor in Plant Cell Growth

Cited by 218 publications

References 8 publications

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

Dehydration protection provided by a maternal cuticle improves offspring fitness in the moss Funaria hygrometrica

Elevated CO2, water relations and biophysics of leaf extension in four chalk grassland herbs

Intra-annual radial growth of European beech – a case study in north easternmost stand in Europe

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Elevated CO₂, water relations and biophysics of leaf extension in four chalk grassland herbs