Role of Tyrosinase as the Determinant of Pigmentation in Cultured Human Melanocytes

Iozumi, Ken; Hoganson, George; Pennella, Raffaele; Everett, Mark Allen; Fuller, Bryan B.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12476630

Cited by 241 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…13) This process is a determinant of animal skin color, and is involved in local hyperpigmentations such as melanoma, ephelide and lentigo. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Superoxide scavenging activity was expressed as the percentage inhibition of the production of superoxide anion from hypoxanthin-xanthine oxidase. The experiments in Table 3 denote superoxide-scavenging activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis.

Lee

Choi

Kim

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

158

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis.

Lee

Choi

Kim

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

158

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“…Physiological Relevance of the Halide Inhibition-It has been proposed that the large variations in the extent of pigmentation in different human skin types originate from variations in the melanosomal pH (63)(64)(65). These pH variations would influence the Ty activity, a lower pH value being associated with a lower Ty activity and, thus, with a lower pigmentation level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stopped-flow Fluorescence Studies of Inhibitor Binding to Tyrosinase from Streptomyces antibioticus

Tepper

Bubacco

Canters

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Therefore, it is suggested that inhibition of the ET-1-induced activation of NHMC results in the inhibition of pigmentation, and that the extract of A. officinalis is a potent ingredient for a whitening agent. Current whitening agents have been developed mainly based on studies of tyrosinase 21) in melanocytes, and inhibition of tyrosinase activity has been a primary strategy in the search for whitening agents. However, it may be very difficult for such agents to reach the melanosomes 22) in which tyrosinase acts at a sufficient dose to be effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Mechanism of an Extract of Althaea officinalis L. on Endothelin-1-Induced Melanocyte Activation.

Kobayashi

Hachiya

Ohuchi

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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When the skin is irradiated with UVB light, various cytokines are released, act on normal human melanocytes (NHMC), and induce them to synthesize melanin pigment, to proliferate and to differentiate, which leads to increased pigmentation.1-3) Endothelin-1 (ET-1), 2,4) basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), 5) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, [6][7][8] all of which are produced by normal human keratinocytes (NHKC) and are up-regulated following UVB irradiation, act as mitogens for NHMC. Furthermore, an increase in ET-1 expression 3) in human skin after UVB irradiation has also been reported, and it has been suggested that ET-1 plays an important role in UVB-induced pigmentation. Therefore, we have investigated various botanical extracts that inhibit the ET-1-induced activation of NHMC. Since intracellular calcium mobilization is induced when ET-1 acts on NHMC, 1) we have continued to search for new agents which can block this calcium mobilization and we have found that an extract of Althaea officinalis L. has a potent inhibitory effect. In this study, we have clarified the inhibitory mechanism of the extract of A. officinalis on ET-1-induced activation of NHMC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extract of A. officinalis L.A. officinalis is a large perennial plant belonging to the genus hollyhock in the mallow family. Pale pink hollyhock, velvet hollyhock, and marshmallow also belong to this family, and A. officinalis is cultivated for gardening, medication, and food in Europe. The genus name 'Althaea' is derived from 'althaino' in Greek, meaning therapy. The species name 'officinalis' means 'use for drug', and the plant is often prescribed for pain relief and treatment of renal function, inflammation, and irritation syndrome. The portions of the plant used as a drug are the roots and leaves that contain abundant mucus. Marshmallow sweet was originally sipped to treat sore throats, and can be jelled by soaking the root powder with sugar in water. We extracted A. officinalis roots with a 45% 1,3-butylene glycol solution and obtained a brown transparent extract, which was used in this evaluation.Materials NHMC were obtained from KURABO Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and NHKC were obtained from Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Serum-free NHMC medium (MGM) was purchased from Sanko Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan) and serum-free NHKC medium (SFM) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco Laboratories (Grand Island, NY, U.S.A.). ET derivatives were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Other chemicals were of reagent grade.Cell Culture NHMC were maintained in MGM supplemented with 1 ng/ml recombinant b-FGF, 0.5 mg/ml hydrocortisone, 5 mg/ml insulin, 10 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 3 mg/ml heparin, antibiotics (50 mg/ml streptomycin), and 0.2% bovine pituitary extract (BPE). NHKC were maintained in modified SFM supplemented with 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor and 50 mg/ml BPE. B16 F10 melanoma cells are a subline of the pigmented B16 melanoma (C57BL/6N)...

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Role of Tyrosinase as the Determinant of Pigmentation in Cultured Human Melanocytes

Cited by 241 publications

References 24 publications

Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis.

Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis.

Stopped-flow Fluorescence Studies of Inhibitor Binding to Tyrosinase from Streptomyces antibioticus

Inhibitory Mechanism of an Extract of Althaea officinalis L. on Endothelin-1-Induced Melanocyte Activation.

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