P < 0.001). Treatment with CUR and THC resulted in significant decrease in the CV (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). In particular, the anti-angiogenic effects of CUR and THC were dose-dependent manner. However, the beneficial effect of THC treatment than CUR was observed, in particular, from the 21 d CV (44.96% and 52.86%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:THC expressed its anti-angiogenesis without any cytotoxic activities to HepG2 cells even at the highest doses. It is suggested that anti-angiogenic properties of CUR and THC represent a common potential mechanism for their anti-cancer actions.
INTRODUCTIONHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by active neovascularization [1] . Since HCC recruit new blood vessels to support tumor growth, an anti-angiogenic agent is one of the goal drugs to treatment of HCC. Cancer cells have a very high rate of mutation in contrast to endothelial cells, which are the main components of blood vessels and have a lower rate of mutation. Because of this genetic stability, anti-cancer treatmenting tumor-induced angiogenesis is expected to be less vulnerable to such drug tolerance. Moreover, it may work on a broad spectrum of solid tumors because all these tumors need to induce angiogenesis for their processes. It is of great interest to apply the idea of antiangiogenesis treatment to the prevention of cancer. If
METHODS:T h e 3 -( 4, 5 -d i m e t hy l t h i a zo l -2 -y l ) -2 , 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used for testing the anti-proliferating activities of CUR and THC. In male BALB/c nude mice, 2 × 10 6 human HepG2 cells were inoculated onto a dorsal skin-fold chamber. One day after HepG2 inoculation, the experimental groups were fed oral daily with CUR or THC (300 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg). On d 7, 14 and 21, the tumor microvasculature was observed using fluorescence videomicroscopy and capillary vascularity (CV) was measured.
RESULTS:Pathological angiogenic features including microvascular dilatation, tortuosity, and hyper-permeability were observed. CUR and THC could attenuate these pathologic features. In HepG2-groups, the CV were significantly increased on d 7 (52.43%), 14 (69.17%), and 21 (74.08%), as compared to controls (33.04%,