Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Operation of Organometal Halide Perovskite Lasers

Abstract

† These authors contributed equally to this work Solution-processed organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising gain media for tunable semiconductor lasers. However, optically pumped continuous-wave lasing at room temperature -a prerequisite for a laser diode -has not been realized so far. Here, we report lasing action in a surface emitting distributed feedback methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite laser on silicon substrate, at room temperature under continuous-wave optical pumping. This outstanding performance is achieved because of the ultra-low lasing threshold of 13 W/cm 2 , which is enabled by thermal nanoimprint lithography that directly patterns perovskite into a high Q cavity with large mode confinement, while at the same time improves perovskite's emission characteristics. Our results represent a major step toward electrically pumped lasing in organic and thin-film materials, as well as the insertion of perovskite lasers into photonic integrated circuits for applications in optical computing, sensing and on-chip quantum information.Since the advent of silicon (Si) photonics, the field of photonic integrated circuit (IC) has progressed significantly over the last few decades [1]. While many photonic components have the potential to be inserted into future electronic-photonic ICs on Si, a critical component -an efficient chip-scale laser on Si -has not been realized because of Si's indirect bandgap. Although III-V/Si lasers formed via wafer bonding of III-V onto Si substrate have been the main candidate, the low yield and high manufacturing cost restrict their further development as light sources for electronic-photonic ICs [2]. An alternative gain medium that is Si compatible is solution-processed organic semiconductors. Although organic lasers cannot compete with inorganic III-V lasers in many performance metrics, they do offer several advantages such as easy wavelength tunability,

Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics

“…ASE thresholds as low as 12 µJ cm −2 were recorded with 600 nm, 1 kHz, 150 fs pump pulses, and lasing inside a microcrystal formed in a drop cast film was observed . Room‐temperature, continuous wave operation was achieved in 2018 by Li et al with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser design utilizing thermally nanoimprinted film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . The imprinting process significantly improved the crystalline quality and surface roughness of the perovskite material, and with an optimized feedback structure allowed power thresholds as low as 13 W cm −2 in ambient conditions .…”

“…Room‐temperature, continuous wave operation was achieved in 2018 by Li et al with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser design utilizing thermally nanoimprinted film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . The imprinting process significantly improved the crystalline quality and surface roughness of the perovskite material, and with an optimized feedback structure allowed power thresholds as low as 13 W cm −2 in ambient conditions . The improved crystalline quality decreased scattering from grain boundaries within the perovskite film, reducing the amount of optical gain required for laser operation.…”

Stability of Perovskite Light Sources: Status and Challenges

“…The lasers showed a minimum lasing threshold of 17 kW cm −2 as shown in Figure 8b and a long operating time up to 1 h. [ 41 ] Later, through prompting the emission properties, Li et al reported room temperature continuous wave lasing by using a distributed feedback MAPbI 3 perovskite laser on a silicon substrate in Figure 8c. [ 62 ] The laser showed a lasing threshold as low as 13 W cm −2 , which was 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of aforementioned continuous wave perovskite lasers.…”

“…c) Schematic diagram of nanoimprint fabrication of surface‐emitting perovskite DFB lasers. [ 62 ] d) The dependence of emission spectrum on pump density. a,b) Reproduced with permission.…”

“…Recently, perovskite lasers have achieved rapid progress. [ 41,47,62 ] A suitable solution‐processed material for electrically pumped lasing has been searched for several decades in the field of light emission. [ 63,64 ] A major hurdle for the electrical driven lasers is heat management.…”