Root distribution and the cause of its spatial variability inPseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britt.

Reynolds, E. R. C.

doi:10.1007/bf01372886

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The morphological data were compiled from field data for fine roots of grasses, shrubs, and trees as functional types, since insufficient field data existed for a biome-based approach. Relevant studies were those in appendix 1 of reference 20 and additional references for grasses (4,68,(103)(104)(105)(106), shrubs (39,40,42,45), and trees (52,59,85,88,(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113). The data for mean fine root diameter (in millimeters) and specific root length (m⅐g Ϫ1 ), respectively, were as follows [SEM and number (n) in parentheses]: grasses, 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or because more than one reference supplied duplicate information for the same site. Relevant studies by biome were: boreal forest (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), deserts (33)(34)(35)(36)(37), sclerophyllous shrublands and forests (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), temperate coniferous forest (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56), temperate deciduous forest (46,47,49,50,52,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67), temperate grasslands (36,(68)(69)(70)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the proportion of total root stocks active in resource uptake, the estimates of total fine root biomass were then adjusted for the fraction of living roots in each biome based on results of field studies that measured both. The average proportion of live and dead roots for each biome were (percent live): boreal forest (28-30) (42%), desert (50%), sclerophyllous shrubland and forest (40-43) (48%), temperate coniferous forest (46,48,50,52,54,56) (56%), temperate deciduous forest (50,54,58,59, 65) (56%), temperate grasslands (71, 76, 77) (63%), tropical deciduous forest …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or because more than one reference supplied duplicate information for the same site. Relevant studies by biome were: boreal forest (27-32), deserts (33-37), sclerophyllous shrublands and forests (38-45), temperate coniferous forest (46-56), temperate deciduous forest (46,47,49,50,52,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67), temperate grasslands (36, 68-77), tropical deciduous forest (22,(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83), tropical evergreen forest (22,(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93), tropical grassland͞savanna (94-98), and tundra (99-103). Some studies provided data for multiple times and locations within a site and these data were averaged for the particular site.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents

Jackson

Mooney

Schulze

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,264

945

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Global biogeochemical models have improved dramatically in the last decade in their representation of the biosphere. Although leaf area data are an important input to such models and are readily available globally, global root distributions for modeling water and nutrient uptake and carbon cycling have not been available. This analysis provides global distributions for fine root biomass, length, and surface area with depth in the soil, and global estimates of nutrient pools in fine roots. Calculated root surface area is almost always greater than leaf area, more than an order of magnitude so in grasslands. The average C:N:P ratio in living fine roots is 450:11:1, and global fine root carbon is more than 5% of all carbon contained in the atmosphere. Assuming conservatively that fine roots turn over once per year, they represent 33% of global annual net primary productivity.Fine roots (Յ2 mm in diameter) are the primary pathway for water and nutrient uptake by plants, the same role that leaves play for carbon and energy uptake. Fine roots are also a prominent, possibly the prominent, sink for carbon acquired in terrestrial net primary productivity (1-4). Primary production allocated below ground is often greater than that allocated above ground, and annual carbon and nutrient inputs to the soil from fine roots frequently equal or exceed those from leaves (1-5). Despite their importance for nutrient cycling, resource capture, and global biogeochemistry, fine roots are poorly represented in global models. The lack of representation is in sharp contrast to the prevalence of canopy leaf area data as an important input (6-10). The input of leaf area, which can be estimated regionally by remote sensing (11), allows carbon and energy gain to be simulated biochemically in terrestrial models (12). Part of the cause for the discrepancy in representing roots and shoots is the difficulty in estimating root distributions (2,13,14). This analysis provides the first global fine root database for improving global models and estimates of carbon cycling. These data should enhance hydrological models [where fine roots control water absorption by plants and affect groundwater and atmospheric fluxes (15, 16)], improve estimates of nitrogen cycling and the consequences of nitrogen loading (17), and allow the biochemical modeling of nutrient uptake globally (18,19). METHODSThis research differs from a previous analysis (20) by calculating fine rather than total root distributions (those roots active in water and nutrient uptake), by estimating root biomass, length, surface area, and nutrient contents, by taking into account the proportion of live root biomass in each biome, and by calculating a global budget for each parameter. To estimate fine root distributions by depth, a database of 253 field studies was analyzed (20). A study was included if fine roots were measured in three or more increments to at least 1-m soil depth (minimum depth for tundra was the level of permafrost). More than 40 references met these criteria and ma...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents

Jackson

Mooney

Schulze

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,264

945

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“…Nevertheless, a higher concentration of fine roots near the tree trunk may occur because of stem flow of the rain water down the trunk, resulting in a greater availability of water and nutrients (REYNOLDS, 1970). Moreover, there is also less intra and interspecific competition at this position, especially in water and nutrient-limited sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed and Monospecific Stands of Eucalyptus and Black-Wattle. Ii - Fine Root Biomass Density

Viera

Schumacher

Liberalesso³

et al. 2015

CERNE

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate fine root biomass density (FRBD) in mixed and monospecific stands of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in Bagé-RS (Southern Brazil). An experimental trial was installed with three treatments: 100% Eucalyptus (100E); 100% Acacia mearnsii (100A); 50% Eucalyptus + 50% Acacia mearnsii (50E:50A). The trial was carried using a randomized block design with three replicates. The fine root (≤ 2.0mm) biomass density was determined 8 and 18 months after planting the trees. Soil samples were collected, with a cylindrical extractor auger (d = 7.0 cm), from four depths (0 -5, 5 -10, 10 -20 and 20 -30 cm) at each sampling point. After 8 months, the FRBD distribution was the same in both species and in all soil layers, reaching the maximum projection at 125 cm from the tree trunk. After 18 months, the root biomass density was higher in the monospecific black wattle stand than in the monospecific eucalyptus stand and the mixed stand. The fine root biomass density was highest in the 5 -10 cm layer close to the trunk, for the planting row spacing, the planting line and the diagonals between two planting lines. Knowledge about fine root growth and distribution in soil at initial stages of stand development may help in decisionmaking for intensive forestry, thus ensuring more efficient use of soil resources. PLANTIOS MONOESPECÍFICOS E MISTOS DE EUCALIPTO E ACÁCIA-NEGRA. II -DENSIDADE DE BIOMASSA DE RAÍzES FINASRESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade da biomassa de raízes finas (DBRF) em povoamentos monoespecíficos e misto de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla na região sul do Brasil. Para isso, instalou-se área experimental no município de Bagé-RS, a qual foi constituída por três tratamentos: 100E (100% de eucalipto); 100A (100% de Acacia mearnsii); 50E:50A (50% de eucalipto + 50% de Acacia mearnsii) em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Determinou-se a densidade de biomassa de raízes finas (DBRF ≤ 2,0mm) aos 8 e 18 meses após o plantio. A amostragem foi realizada com tubo extrator de formato cilíndrico com 7,0 cm de diâmetro. Para cada ponto de amostragem, coletaram-se amostras em quatro profundidades: 0 -5; 5 -10; 10 -20 e 20 -30 cm. Verificou-se que a densidade de biomassa de raízes finas (DBRF) aos 8 meses de idade, nos diferentes sistemas de cultivo, possui o mesmo comportamento para a ocupação das diferentes camadas do solo, atingindo uma projeção máxima de 125 cm de distância em relação ao tronco da árvore. Já, aos 18 meses após o plantio, verificamos que no cultivo monoespecífico de acácia-negra a densidade de raízes foi superior em relação ao monocultivo e plantio misto de eucalipto. A maior densidade de biomassa de raízes finas encontra-se na camada de 5 a 10 cm de profundidade, nas proximidades do tronco da árvore e na linha de plantio, seguida pela diagonal e entrelinha de plantio. O entendimento do crescimento e distribuição da biomassa radicular nos estágios iniciais de crescimento de povoamentos florest...

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The Distribution and Effectiveness of the Roots of Tree Crops

Atkinson

1980

Horticultural Reviews

149

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Root distribution and the cause of its spatial variability inPseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britt.

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents

A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents

Mixed and Monospecific Stands of Eucalyptus and Black-Wattle. Ii - Fine Root Biomass Density

The Distribution and Effectiveness of the Roots of Tree Crops

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