Rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated marubakaido apple rootstock using Adesmia latifolia rhizobia

Abstract

In vitro rooting and the acclimatization of micropropagated rootstocks of apple trees is essential for plant development in the field. The aim of this work was to assess the use of rhizobia of Adesmia latifolia to promote rooting and acclimatization in micropropagated Marubakaido apple rootstock. An experiment involving in vitro rooting and acclimatization was performed with four strains of rhizobium and two controls, one with and the other without the addition of synthetic indoleacetic acid. The inoculated treatments involved the use of sterile inoculum and inoculum containing live rhizobia. The most significant effects on the rooting rate, primary-root length, number of roots, root length, fresh-shoot biomass, and fresh-root biomass were obtained by inoculation with strain EEL16010B and with synthetic indole acetic acid. However, there was no difference in the growth of apple explants in the acclimatization experiments. Strain EEL16010B can be used to induce in vitro rooting of the Marubakaido rootstock and can replace the use of synthetic indoleacetic acid in the rooting of this cultivar.

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

“…The main concerns of the current study are the selection of the explant/matrices, cultivation conditions, medium composition, culture age, genotype, temporal variations, number of subcultures, use of phytohormones, and regeneration methods. These are aspects significant for evaluating the stability and genetic and epigenetic variation of plants regenerated through propagation [76,77]. There are two ways in which epigenetic pro-cesses can contribute to microevolution in natural populations.…”

In vitro tissue culture of apple and other Malus species: recent advances and applications

“…One cultivar ('Tres en Cinca') did not develop roots either on IBA-containing or auxin-free medium (Table 2). When two strains (EEL16010B and EEL37810) of Rhizobia were used, 100% rooting of Marubakaido rootstock was achieved (Muniz et al 2013). Podwyszyńska and Cieślińska (2018) found that the use of putrescine, a polyamine, when used in combination with NAA and IBA, was able to improve the rooting and subsequent acclimatization of neo-tetraploids of four apple cultivars, 'Free Redstar', 'Gala Must', 'Pinova' and 'Redchief' (more details in Table 2).…”

“…A γ-proteobacterium (Luteibacter rhizovicinus MIMR1) that had originally been isolated from contaminated in vitro cultures of 'Golden Delicious' (Piagnani et al 2007) produced high levels of IAA (127 mg/l), inducing roots in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissue cultures, suggesting that this apple-derived plant growth-promoting bacterium could serve as a biofertilizer (Guglielmetti et al 2013). Muniz et al (2013) isolated 20 strains of Rhizobium from the root nodules of a legume, Adesmia latifolia, and found that they produced 13-51 mg/l of IAA, the highest by strain EEL16110, although another two dead strains, EEL16010B and EEL37810, induced rooting in 100% of in vitro shoots of Marubakaido apple rootstock, equivalent to when 1 mg/l IAA, was used. Using the protocol developed by Ciccoti et al (2008), Giorno et al (2013) and Guerriero et al (2013) developed an in vitro assay for 'Golden Delicious' to better understand the pathogenesis-related genes involved in infection of plantlets by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'.…”

<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation and Recovery of Eight Apple and Two Pear Cultivars Held in a Germplasm Bank

“…Specific protocols are required for establishment, multiplication and rooting [11] [12] of the different fruit cultivars in order to be able to sanitize them. In vitro micropropagation has been reported in several cultivars of apple [13] and pear trees propagated in vitro [14] [28], but their efficiency depends on genotype and other factors [22].…”