Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: a review

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of complex coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, abdominal obesity, coagulopathies, and hypertension that raise the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of herbs and natural compounds in prevention and treatment of diseases and a large number of published articles have focused on this issue. Rosmarinus officinalis L. or rosemary (Lamiaceae) is a rich source of phenolic phytochemicals having significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, hepatoprotective, and hypocholesterolemic effects. The purpose of this review is to highlight the interesting pharmacological effects of rosemary, and its active compounds, and the related mechanisms in the management of metabolic syndrome that are documented in in vitro and in vivo studies.

Berberine and barberry (Berberis vulgaris): A clinical review

“…Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of metabolic abnormalities including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is an important cardiovascular risk factor. In recent years, many studies have provided evidence for protective effects of various medicinal plants against metabolic syndrome, including grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.), red pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), garcinia mangostana L., saffron ( Crocus sativus L.), cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum L.), rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.), garlic ( Allium sativum L.), and black cumin ( Nigella sativa L.; Akaberi & Hosseinzadeh, ; Sanati, Razavi, & Hosseinzadeh, ; Tousian Shandiz, Razavi, & Hosseinzadeh, ; Razavi & Hosseinzadeh, ; Mollazadeh & Hosseinzadeh, ; Hassani, Shirani, & Hosseinzadeh, ; Hosseini & Hosseinzadeh, ; Razavi & Hosseinzadeh, ).…”

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and its main constituent, silymarin, as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: A review

“…Metabolic syndrome describes a complex metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. This syndrome is diagnosed by medical conditions such as weight gain; adipose tissue accumulation; high blood pressure; high blood glucose; disturbance in lipid profile (Akaberi & Hosseinzadeh, ; Hassani, Shirani, & Hosseinzadeh, ); nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); cardiovascular disease; and kidney dysfunction. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition, people who have at least three risk factors are considered to have metabolic syndrome (Hosseini & Hosseinzadeh, ).…”

Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

“…So many plants and their constituents downregulate various adverse health problems related to metabolic disorders. In this case, berberine (Tabeshpour, Imenshahidi, & Hosseinzadeh, 2017), green tea (Razavi, Lookian, & Hosseinzadeh, 2017), avocado (Tabeshpour, Razavi, & Hosseinzadeh, 2017), cinnamon (Mollazadeh & Hosseinzadeh, 2016), saffron , rosemary (Hassani, Shirani, & Hosseinzadeh, 2016), garlic (Hosseini & Hosseinzadeh, 2015), Garcinia mangostana (Tousian, Razavi, & Hosseinzadeh, 2017), milk thistle (Tajmohammadi, Razavi, & Hosseinzadeh, 2018), and grape (Akaberi & Hosseinzadeh, 2016) may partly influence some compartments of metabolic syndrome.…”