Routine diagnosis of seven respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae by enzyme immunoassay

Kok, Tuckweng; Mickan, Lance; Burrell, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/0166-0934(94)90166-x

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…12,13 In two patients, serological evidence of RSV was shown by complement fixation tests. Radiological examinations with chest radiograph (CXR) and computed tomogram (CT) scan of the chest were performed when indicated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bone marrow transplant unit: effect on engraftment and outcome of pneumonia without specific antiviral treatment

Abdallah

Rowland

Schepetiuk

et al. 2003

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:Immunocompromised haematological patients are at high risk for severe, often fatal, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia. In the 2001 winter season, 16 of 195 (8.2%) adult haematological in-patients were diagnosed with RSV infection. Eight patients had undergone stem cell transplantation. The median age was 53 years (range 20-67). A total of 11 patients had nosocomial RSV infection while the rest (five) had community-acquired infection. All patients were febrile and had upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Eight patients (50%) developed lower RTI. Two of the 16 patients (12.5%) died of respiratory failure, due to the RSV pneumonia, despite ICU admission and supportive ventilation. None of the studied patients received ribavirin therapy or specific RSV immunoglobulin. Two patients autografted for multiple myeloma (MM) showed delayed neutrophil and platelet engraftment despite receiving an adequate dose of stem cells. A third patient undergoing a CD34+ selected HLAmatched sibling mini-allograft for relapsed MM showed graft failure shortly after RSV infection. In our series, RSV infection was concurrent with an outbreak in the community. Unlike other published series, no specific antiviral treatment for RSV pneumonia was used and yet the overall outcome in our patients was favourable. Furthermore, RSV infection in the pre-engraftment period after autologous transplantation was associated with delayed engraftment. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003Transplantation ( ) 32, 195-203. doi:10.1038 Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus; stem cell transplantation; engraftment; immunocompromised; RSV pneumonia Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral agent causing both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults. 1 The yearly incidence of RSV infection in hospitalised patients ranges between 2 and 12% and depends upon the severity of outbreaks in the community at the time. 2 RSV is a common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in immunocompromised patients. [3][4][5] Up to 70% of stem cell or bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients who experience RSV infection in the pre-engraftment period will develop pneumonia. 6,7 Once pneumonia develops, the overall mortality has been reported to be as high as 60-80%. 3,6,[8][9] Those patients with RSV pneumonia who develop respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation almost invariably die from the infection. Treatment options for established RSV pneumonia are limited and treatment is often unsuccessful. 4,10,11 RSV infection in hospitalised patients usually occurs in the setting of community outbreaks and may be community-or nosocomially acquired. Transmission of RSV takes place by droplet infection or via direct contact with infected persons. The virus can survive on nonporous surfaces, skin and gloves for many hours. RSV is not stable in fine particle aerosols, and hence small-particle air transmission is not considered to be a major route of spread. 1,2 In this report, we describe the outcome of 16 adult haemat...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, five were in the postengraftment period, and three in the preengraftment period when the infection was diagnosed ( Table 1). The median interval between transplant and RSV infection for the postengraftment patients was 13 months (range [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bone marrow transplant unit: effect on engraftment and outcome of pneumonia without specific antiviral treatment

Abdallah

Rowland

Schepetiuk

et al. 2003

Bone Marrow Transplant

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“…The microwells were then centrifuged at 1000 × g for 1 h at 35 • C and the medium replaced with 1 ml of fresh DMEM containing trypsin and antibiotics. The cultures were incubated for 6 days, followed by one freeze/thaw cycle and the cell culture fluids were tested for the presence of influenza A virus using the antigen ELISA described above (Kok et al, 1994).…”

Section: Influenza a Virus Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antigen ELISA used has been described previously (Kok et al, 1994). Briefly, a 0.5 ml aliquot of respiratory clinical specimen in viral transport medium (VTM) was mixed with an equal volume of PBS containing 0.01% Tween 20.…”

Section: Antigen Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICSB uses a simple electrical reader for objective measurement, unlike commercially available optically read kits that require subjective interpretation of the test results. The ICSB offers the additional advantage that it does not require the time-consuming steps of specimen extraction, washing and incubation which are essential in currently used approaches such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (Kok and Higgins, 1997;Kok et al, 1994;Schepetiuk and Kok, 1993) or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (Burrows et al, 2002;Stone et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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