“…Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) analyses, currently applied to study evolutionary history, population migration, forensic medicine (Pakendorf and Stoneking, 2005) and human disease (O'Brien et al, 2005), have been recently applied to model stem cell turnover rates and clonal evolution in normal tissues; hence was thought to be an ideal tool for this study. Among the nuclear genes, the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREBBP) is involved in multiple cellular processes, functions as a transcriptional cofactor and is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) (Petrij et al, 1995). Germline mutations in CREBBP result in RubinsteinTaybi syndrome (Kitabayashi et al, 2001), that is characterized by an increased predisposition to cancer; further validated by the observation that CREBBP þ /À mice express an increased frequency of hematopoietic malignancies (Kung et al, 1999).…”