Rural Water Supply Management and Sustainability: The Case of Adama Area, Ethiopia

Tadesse, Abebe; Bosona, Techane; Gebresenbet, Girma

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.52022

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In 2015, Ethiopia met the Millennium Development Goal 7c target on access to drinking water supply [ 51 ]. A study in central Ethiopia [ 52 ] found that most water schemes were located at a distance of less than 2 km with less than a 30 min round trip to fetch the water. However, there were still challenges: queues could be long, and only 15% of people received 20 l of water per day per capita.…”

Section: Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America

Freeman

Gesesew

Bambra

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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Background While in general a country’s life expectancy increases with national income, some countries “punch above their weight”, while some “punch below their weight” – achieving higher or lower life expectancy than would be predicted by their per capita income. Discovering which conditions or policies contribute to this outcome is critical to improving population health globally. Methods We conducted a mixed-method study which included: analysis of life expectancy relative to income for all countries; an expert opinion study; and scoping reviews of literature and data to examine factors that may impact on life expectancy relative to income in three countries: Ethiopia, Brazil, and the United States. Punching above or below weight status was calculated using life expectancy at birth and gross domestic product per capita for 2014–2018. The scoping reviews covered the political context and history, social determinants of health, civil society, and political participation in each country. Results Possible drivers identified for Ethiopia’s extra 3 years life expectancy included community-based health strategies, improving access to safe water, female education and gender empowerment, and the rise of civil society organisations. Brazil punched above its weight by 2 years. Possible drivers identified included socio-political and economic improvements, reduced inequality, female education, health care coverage, civil society, and political participation. The United States’ neoliberal economics and limited social security, market-based healthcare, limited public health regulation, weak social safety net, significant increases in income inequality and lower levels of political participation may have contributed to the country punching 2.9 years below weight. Conclusions The review highlighted potential structural determinants driving differential performance in population health outcomes cross-nationally. These included greater equity, a more inclusive welfare system, high political participation, strong civil society and access to employment, housing, safe water, a clean environment, and education. We recommend research comparing more countries, and also to examine the processes driving within-country inequities.

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Section: Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America

Freeman

Gesesew

Bambra

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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“…For instance, those who used boreholes paid 1 Ghana cedi per month, while those who used mechanized systems paid 3 and 10 Ghana cedis, depending on whether one fetched from a public water point or had a house connection. In order to deliver sustained water supply services and benefits over time, an effective mechanism to administer the water supply tariff in terms of cost sharing practices is crucial (Tadesse et al, 2013). The method of revenue collection makes a difference, with payment per bucket superior to a monthly payment, as it is much simpler to manage and more difficult for users to refuse to pay.…”

Section: Tariff Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inability of the community members to pay electricity bills resulted in the cutting of power to the pump house, which left the community without any drinking water. A research conducted by UNICEF affirms that at least 94% of the WSMT members indicated that technology choice and its appropriateness influenced the sustainability of UNICEF supported community-managed rural water supplies at least to a moderate degree, and so recommended an improvement in the participation of beneficiary community in the choice of technology (Tadesse et al, 2013). The kind of technology that cannot serve the best interest of the beneficiaries in terms of the quality and durability may cause further problems for maintenance and thereby negatively affect the sustainability of the project (Carter, 2010).…”

Section: Involvement In Choice Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of Small Community Water Systems in Ghana: A Case Study of Navrongo Municipal Area

2019

JEES

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Access to safe and clean drinking water is necessary for ensuring good health and the well-being of human societies by reducing the burden of water-related diseases associated with dependence on unsafe water sources. To this end, most communities are provided with boreholes or small community mechanised systems where a centralised water treatment plant is absent. However, issues relating to the sustainability of these systems has become a big challenge to most of these communities mainly due to poor management. This research assessed the operation and maintenance (O&M) schemes of these water facilities within the Navrongo Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were administered in twenty (20) beneficiary communities to elicit information regarding the involvement of the community members in the general process leading to the provision of the water facility and its management. In addition, the providers of these facilities were interviewed to assess their level of involvement in their maintenance. The survey revealed that community members contributed towards the provision of the facilities, with 68% of the contributions being in the form of labour. Although 90% of the respondents admitted to the existence of Water and Sanitation Management Teams (WSMTs), 81% of them felt that the team members lacked good management skills. 63% agreed to the need for an upward review of the tariffs in order to meet the cost of O&M. In addition to providing requisite skills and capacity in community mobilization, WSMTs should be incentivised to ensure effective tariff mobilisation.

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“…Collection of water requires significantly less time than firewood and dung. However, in densely populated areas the time for queuing for water can be up to an hour [45]. However, this may not be an issue for the rural households relying on river water if the river crosses through the village.…”

Section: Quantifying Time For Collection Of Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems with Biogas Implementation in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Labor Requirements

et al. 2016

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Most households in rural developing countries depend on firewood from public forests or agricultural bio-wastes for cooking. Public forests, though, are declining due to an increasing population and inefficient use of wood. Use of agricultural wastes on the other hand involves loss of soil nutrients since these resources are used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers. Biogas energy can be an alternative in providing clean energy for cooking as well as improving soil fertility with the slurry. However, the labor spent on producing biogas can limit its use as a source of energy and fertilizers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the labor requirement of different mono and co-digestion biogas energy systems. The assessment is made by using simple models involving different schemes of resources collection and transportation based on reported relevant literature. The analysis shows that biogas production can be labor intensive when transportation of feedstock, water, and slurry is involved. Transporting these resources over a one kilometer (km) distance requires about ten times the amount of time spent on firewood collection and transportation. The largest part of the time for biogas production activities is spent on water collection and transportation. Low labor biogas production is possible only if all the resources are available nearby (not transported). One of the advantages of the biogas energy system is to use the slurry for soil enrichment. However, this can only be realized when the slurry is converted to compost or directly applied on nearby lands. In general, biogas production involving resources (feedstock, water and slurry) transportation is not a viable alternative to save the time spent on the traditional use of firewood. However, a community biogas system involving resource system integration is an option to provide clean energy with acceptable labor requirements of production.

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Rural Water Supply Management and Sustainability: The Case of Adama Area, Ethiopia

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America

Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America

Sustainability of Small Community Water Systems in Ghana: A Case Study of Navrongo Municipal Area

Problems with Biogas Implementation in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Labor Requirements

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