S2O, polysulfuroxide and sulfur polymer on Io's surface?

Baklouti, D.; Schmitt, Bernard; Brissaud, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.016

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This has been interpreted as a consequence of the polymerization of unstable small sulfur chains to orthorhombic S 8 . Similar observations were made after irradiation and thermal processing of S 2 O ice samples (Baklouti et al 2008). In Baklouti et al (2008), the change of color from red to yellow is accompanied by the appearance of IR bands due to polysulfuroxide.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Production of Sulfur Allotropes in Electron Irradiated Jupiter Trojans Ice Analogs

Mahjoub

Poston

Blacksberg

et al. 2017

ApJ

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In this paper, we investigate sulfur chemistry in laboratory analogs of Jupiter Trojans and Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs). Electron irradiation experiments of CH 3 OH-NH 3 -H 2 O and H 2 S-CH 3 OH-NH 3 -H 2 O ices were conducted to better understand the chemical differences between primordial planetesimals inside and outside the sublimation line of H 2 S. The main goal of this work is to test the chemical plausibility of the hypothesis correlating the color bimodality in Jupiter Trojans with sulfur chemistry in the incipient solar system. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of the irradiated mixtures allows the detection of small sulfur allotropes (S 3 and S 4 ) after the irradiation of H 2 S containing ice mixtures. These small, red polymers are metastable and could polymerize further under thermal processing and irradiation, producing larger sulfur polymers (mainly S 8 ) that are spectroscopically neutral at wavelengths above 500 nm. This transformation may affect the spectral reflectance of Jupiter Trojans in a different way compared to KBOs, thereby providing a useful framework for possibly differentiating and determining the formation and history of small bodies. Along with allotropes, we report the production of organosulfur molecules. Sulfur molecules produced in our experiment have been recently detected by Rosetta in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very weak absorption of sulfur polymers in the infrared range hampers their identification on Trojans and KBOs, but these allotropes strongly absorb light at UV and Visible wavelengths. This suggests that high signal-to-noise ratio UV-Vis spectra of these objects could provide new constraints on their presence.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Production of Sulfur Allotropes in Electron Irradiated Jupiter Trojans Ice Analogs

Mahjoub

Poston

Blacksberg

et al. 2017

ApJ

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“…Modest resolution near-infrared measurements (black line) are from Carlson et al (1997) while the higher-resolution spectrum (gray line, 2-5 μm) is from Schmitt and Rodriguez (2003). Absorption positions and shapes of known and possible species are shown, including polymeric sulfur (S μ ) and polysulfur oxide (PSO) (Baklouti et al 2008). Adapted from Carlson et al (2007) Most of the absorption features characterizing Io's spectrum can be attributed to SO 2 frost (Fanale et al 1979;Hapke 1979;Smythe et al 1979;Schmitt et al 1994;Nash and Betts 1995;Carlson et al 1997) (Fig.…”

Section: Iomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, reflectance spectra of Io (Fig. 4) show a feature at 0.53 μm attributable to S 4 which gradually polymerizes into the more stable cyclo-octal S 8 , polymeric sulfur, and possibly other allotropes (Moses and Nash 1991;Carlson et al 2007;Baklouti et al 2008), turning the color of the deposits from red to pale yellow that characterizes up to 40% of Io's intensely colored surface McEwen et al 1998b;Geissler et al 1999). Some red deposits show enhanced concentrations of SO 2 (Lopes-Gautier et al 2000), which is possibly co-deposited with S 2 from SO 2 + S 2 -rich volcanic gases (Spencer et al 2000).…”

Section: Iomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Khanna et al (1995) investigated mid-infrared spectra of several forms of sulfur trioxide and noted the possible presence of SO 3 features in Io's thermal emission spectrum. Disulfur monoxide, S 2 O, and polysulfur oxides, suggested to be present on Io by Hapke (1989), were investigated spectroscopically by Baklouti et al (2008) and compared with Io spectra. They were unable establish the presence of S 2 O on Io due to interference by strong neighboring SO 2 bands but suggested the possibility of a broad absorption feature due to polysulfur oxides in the 4.5 μm region (Fig.…”

Section: Iomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of Icy Satellite Surfaces

et al. 2010

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Much of our knowledge of planetary surface composition is derived from remote sensing over the ultraviolet through infrared wavelength ranges. Telescopic observations and, in the past few decades, spacecraft mission observations have led to the discovery of many surface materials, from rock-forming minerals to water ice to exotic volatiles and organic compounds. Identifying surface materials and mapping their distributions allows us to constrain interior processes such as cryovolcanism and aqueous geochemistry.The recent progress in understanding of icy satellite surface composition has been aided by the evolving capabilities of spacecraft missions, advances in detector technology, and laboratory studies of candidate surface compounds. Pioneers 10 and 11, Voyagers I and II, Galileo, Cassini and the New Horizons mission have all made significant contributions. Dalton (Space Sci. Rev., 2010, this issue) summarizes the major constituents found or inferred to exist on the surfaces of the icy satellites (cf. Table 1 from Dalton, Space Sci. Rev., 2010, this issue), and the spectral coverage and resolution of many of the spacecraft instruments that have revolutionized our understanding (cf. Table 2 from Dalton, Space Sci. Rev., A. Coustenis Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5, pl. Jules Janssen,

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“…There are significant loss processes in Io's atmosphere, such as escape processes to the Io plasma torus (estimated at $1 ton/s by Spencer and Schneider (1996)), condensation of SO 2 and NaCl, disproportionation of SO on the surface (Baklouti et al, 2008), as well as various photochemical reactions. Nevertheless the presence of an atmosphere has been consistently detected, requiring substantial and permanent replenishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%