Saccades horizontal or vertical at near or at far do not deteriorate postural control

Rey, Frédéric; Lê, Thanh-Thuan; Bertin, R.J.V.; Kapoula, Zoı̈

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2007.07.001

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reduction of body sway during saccadic eye movements confirms previous findings (Rey et al, 2008;Rougier & Garin, 2007;Stoffregen et al, 2006;White et al, 1980) suggesting that gaze activity itself does not generate a more pronounced body oscillation. Saccadic suppression was not capable of disrupting postural control; in comparison to fixation, saccade conditions seemed to require greater postural stability to allow spatially more accurate gaze shifts indicating a functional integration of postural and gaze control (Stoffregen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Rougier and Garin (2007) reported that performing saccadic eye movements reduced the amplitude of body displacements. Rey, Lê, Bertin, and Kapoula (2008), studying horizontal and vertical saccades at near and far distances, also found that saccadic movements reduced body sway as compared to fixation conditions. Similarly, Stoffregen, Bardy, Bonnet, and Pagulayan (2006) measured body sway during saccades performed with eyes opened and closed; when eyes were opened, postural sway was reduced during saccades, but eye movements made when eyes were closed did not yield such reduction on body sway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Rodrigues

Aguiar

Polastri

et al. 2013

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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Abstract-Several structures of the central nervous system share involvement in both ocular and postural control, but the visual mechanisms in postural control are still unclear. There are discrepant evidences on whether saccades would improve or deteriorate stabilization of posture. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of saccadic eye movements on postural control while standing in different basis of support. Twelve young adults stood upright in wide and narrow stances while performing fixation and saccades of low and high frequencies. Body sway was attenuated during saccades. Trunk anterior-posterior sway and trunk total displacement decreased during saccades compared to fixation; higher sway mean frequency in anterior-posterior direction during saccades was observed. Body sway was reduced in wide compared to narrow stance during high frequency saccades. These results indicate that eye movement improves postural stabilization and this effect is stronger in combination of wide stance-high frequency gaze condition. Keywords: saccades, eye movements, postureResumo-"Efeitos dos movimentos sacádicos oculares na estabilização do controle postural." Várias estruturas do sistema nervoso central compartilham envolvimento nos controles ocular e postural, mas os mecanismos visuais no controle postural ainda não estão claros. Existem evidências discrepantes sobre a possibilidade de movimentos sacádicos melhorarem ou deteriorarem a estabilização postural. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a influência de movimentos sacádicos dos olhos sobre o controle postural em diferentes bases de apoio. Doze adultos jovens ficaram em pé, mantendo a postura sobre base ampla e restrita enquanto realizavam fixações e movimentos sacádicos de baixa e alta frequência. Oscilação corporal foi atenuada durante movimentos sacádicos. A oscilação do tronco na direção ântero-posterior e o deslocamento total do tronco diminuíram durante movimentos sacádicos comparados à fixação; maior frequência média de oscilação na direção ântero-posterior durante movimentos sacádicos também foi observada. Oscilação corporal foi reduzida em postura com base ampla comparada à restrita durante movimentos sacádicos de alta frequência. Estes resultados indicam que o movimento do olho melhora a estabilização postural e este efeito é mais forte na condição que combina base ampla e alta frequência do olhar.Palavras-chaves: movimentos sacádicos; movimentos dos olhos, posturaResumen-"Efectos de los movimientos sacádicos oculares en la estabilización de control postural." Varias estructuras del sistema nervioso central comparten de participación en los controles ocular y de postura. Existen pruebas dispares sobre lo movimiento sacádico mejorar o deteriorar la estabilización postural. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de los movimientos oculares sacádicos sobre el control postural en diferentes bases de apoyo. Doce jóvenes quedaram de pie manteniendo la postura de base amplia y restringido mientras

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Rodrigues

Aguiar

Polastri

et al. 2013

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The SEM group showed a significant decrease in the length and velocity of COP fluctuation compared to the PEM group. SEM has been reported to reduce the amplitude of body sway (Stoffregen et al 2006;Rougier and Garin 2007), and horizontal and vertical SEMs have been reported to decrease body sway more than visual fixation conditions (Rey et al 2008). Moreover, during saccade conditions, afferent and efferent mechanisms are in effect that allow saccade conditions to reduce body sway more effectively than fixation conditions (Guerraz and Bronstein 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Bae

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Vision, proprioception and plantar sensation contribute to the control of postural balance (PB). Reduced plantar sensation alters postural response and is at an increased risk of fall, and eye movements reduce the postural sway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the improvement of plantar sensation and PB after saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in community-dwelling elderly women. Participants (104 females; 75.11 ± 6.25 years) were randomly allocated into the SEM group (n = 52) and PEM groups (n = 52). The SEM group performed eye fixation and SEM for 5 minutes, and the PEM group performed eye fixation and PEM for 5 minutes. The plantar sensation was measured according to the plantar surface area of the feet in contact with the floor surface before and after the intervention. Before and after SEM and PEM with the eyes open and closed, PB was measured as the area (mm 2 ), length (cm), and velocity (cm/s) of the fluctuation of the center of pressure (COP). The plantar sensation of both feet improved in both groups (p < 0.01). Significant decreases in the area, length, and velocity of the COP were observed in the eye open and close in both groups (p < 0.01). The length and velocity of the COP significantly decreased in the SEM group compared to the PEM group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SEM and PEM are effective interventions for improving plantar sensation and PB in elderly women, with greater PB improvement after SEM.

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“…Another study has shown that saccadic eye movements can reduce anteroposterior body sway in healthy young adults. 18 Thus, active eye movements potentially could prove beneficial and translate into an improvement in postural control. In a recent study dealing with dyslexic and non-dyslexic children, Kapoula and Bucci postulated the existence of an underlying attentional mechanism that is activated by eye movements and that also might contribute to improved postural performance in dyslexics.…”

Section: Active Vergence Movement Versus Sustained Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

Gaertner

Creux²,

Espinasse-Berrod³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. In healthy subjects, the postural stability in orthostatic position is better when fixating at near than at far. Increase in the convergence angle contributes to this effect. Children with strabismus present a deficit in vergence. We evaluated postural control in children with respect to the vergence angle as they fixated at different depths, thereby engaging in active vergence movements. METHODS.A TechnoConcept platform was used to record the postural stability of 11 subjects (mean age 11.18 6 4.02 years) with convergent strabismus and 13 (mean age 11.31 6 3.54 years) with divergent strabismus in 3 conditions: fixation at 40 cm, at 2 m, and active vergence movements between 20 and 50 cm. RESULTS.The mediolateral body sway decreased significantly with proximity for convergent strabismus (from 3.78-2.70 mm) but increased significantly for divergent strabismus (from 3.27-3.97). Relative to fixation, vergence eye movements resulted in a statistically significant increase in mediolateral body sway for convergent strabismus (3.55 vs. 2.70) and a decrease for divergent strabismus (3.11 vs. 3.97, P ¼ 0.047). Vergence eye movements were associated with the least variance of speed (99 mm 2 /s 2 for convergent and 117 mm 2 / s 2 for divergent strabismus), so less energy was required to control body sway. CONCLUSIONS.The fixation depth at which postural stability is best is proximal for convergent strabismus and distal for divergent strabismus. Optimal postural stability might be mediated by preponderant eye movement signals related to the angle of strabismus. T o maintain the body in a stable position, the central nervous system uses multiple sensorimotor inputs that are at once visual, proprioceptive, vestibular, and somesthetic.Paulus et al. demonstrated that postural control improves while fixating at near rather than at far distances.1 They attributed what we henceforth will refer to as the stabilizing effect of proximity to the angular size of the retinal drift, such that at near distances the angular size of the retinal slip input resulting from body sway is higher than at far distances. The ensuing afferent signal feeds back into mechanisms of postural control potentially leading to an improvement in body stabilization.However, Kapoula and Lê showed that the stabilizing effect that results from the relative proximity of a fixation target also is due to oculomotor signals generated by the vergence angle itself. 2 Indeed, the efferent and afferent signals related to the vergence angle are stronger at near distances as a consequence of the relative increase in ocular convergence required to fixate a proximal target as opposed to a distal one. In their study, convergent prisms were used to make the eyes converge while the subjects were fixating at far distances. Despite the conflict with the physical distance, convergence of the eyes resulted in an improvement in postural stability. This stabilizing effect of proximity is present in children 3 and in the elderly. Bucci et al. showed that children with a vergen...

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Saccades horizontal or vertical at near or at far do not deteriorate postural control

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Saccadic Eye Movement Improves Plantar Sensation and Postural Balance in Elderly Women

Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

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