Safety Assessment of Casting Workshop by Cloud Model and Cause and Effect–LOPA to Protect Employee Health

Abstract

Safety assessment of a casting workshop will provide a clearer understanding of the important safety level required for a foundry. The main purpose of this study was to construct a composite safety assessment method to protect employee health using the cloud model and cause and effect–Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). In this study, the weights of evaluation indicators were determined using the subjective analytic hierarchy process and objective entropy weight method respectively. Then, to obtain the preference coefficient of the integrated weight more precisely, a new algorithm was proposed based on the least square method. Next, the safety level of the casting workshop was presented based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cloud model, which realized the uncertainty conversion between qualitative concepts and their corresponding quantitative values, as well as taking the fuzziness and randomness into account; the validity of cloud model evaluation was validated by grey relational analysis. In addition, cause and effect was used to proactively identify factors that may lead to accidents. LOPA was used to correlate corresponding safety measures to the identified risk factors. 6 causes and 19 sub-causes that may contribute to accidents were identified, and 18 potential remedies, or independent protection layers (IPLs), were described as ways to protect employee health in foundry operations. A mechanical manufacturing business in Hunan, China was considered as a case study to demonstrate the applicability and benefits of the proposed safety assessment approach.

Assessment on coal mining land subsidence by using an innovative comprehensive weighted cloud model combination PSR conceptual model

“…The digital characteristics of the cloud consist of element expectations Ex, entropy En, and super entropy He composition (Peng and Deng, 2020b; Xu et al, 2020). Where Ex is the central point of domain for cloud droplets.…”

Importance-Based Key Basic Event Identification and Evolution Mechanism Investigation of Hydraulic Support Failure to Protect Employee Health

“…The social and organizational factors of hydraulic support failure were investigated based on the synthetic theory model [25], and the unsafe behaviors of humans were explored by failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) [34,35]. The prevention measures corresponding to the key basic event can be determined by cause-and-effect-LOPA [29]. Reliability refers to the possibility that the system can work normally.…”

“…Once the safety level of the casting workshop is achieved, corresponding safety measures should be adopted. Cause-and-effect-LOPA [29] identifies factors that may lead to accidents and describes IPLs that could be applied to prevent accidents (Figure 2).…”

Causal Analysis and Prevention Measures for Extreme Heavy Rainstorms in Zhengzhou to Protect Human Health

“…The stochastic model is suitable for problems with uncertainty and randomness, but it is difficult to deal with the problem of fuzziness. The cloud model can realize the uncertainty transformation between qualitative concepts and quantitative data, and this uncertainty transformation has fuzziness and randomness [ 8 , 9 ]. Since rainfall is affected spatiotemporally and has uncertainty, fuzziness, and randomness, this study adopted the qualitative and quantitative assessment functions of the cloud model to determine the grade of the Zhengzhou rainstorm.…”

“…Since rainfall is affected spatiotemporally and has uncertainty, fuzziness, and randomness, this study adopted the qualitative and quantitative assessment functions of the cloud model to determine the grade of the Zhengzhou rainstorm. The cloud model has been widely used in the field of safety assessment, including in chemical plants [ 8 ] and casting workshops [ 9 ]. The cloud model used to evaluate the grade of the Zhengzhou rainstorm has a certain theoretical basis and can obtain reliable results.…”