Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Abstract

Background: In higher plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly devastating viral disease in plants, particularly in tomato. However, the roles of SA in inducing tomato plant resistance to TYLCV remain unclear. Results: In this study, we investigated whether the exogenous application of SA can improve the resistance of tomato plants to TYLCV in two tomato cultivars, resistant 'Zhefen-702' and susceptible 'Jinpeng-1'. The impacts of SA on the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA) and biosynthetic gene expression, the activity of some important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, and the expression patterns of stress-related genes were also determined. Results indicated that SA can effectively regulate the accumulation of AsA, especially in 'Jinpeng-1'. Similarly, the expression patterns of most of the AsA biosynthetic genes showed a negative relationship with AsA accumulation in the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. In the two tomato cultivars, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in the SA + TYLCV treated plants were increased during the experiment period except at 14 days (APX in 'Jinpeng-1' was also at 4 days) post infected (dpi) with TYLCV. Simultaneously, the activity of SOD was reduced in 'Jinpeng-1' and increased in 'Zhefen-702' after treatment with SA + TYLCV. SA can substantially induce the expression of ROS-scavenging genes at different extents. From 2 to 10 dpi, the virus content in the SA + TYLCV treated plants was remarkably lower than those in the TYLCV treated plants in 'Jinpeng-1'and Zhefen-702'. Conclusions:The above results suggest that SA can enhance tomato plant resistance by modulating the expression of genes encoding for ROS-scavenging players, altering the activity of resistance-related enzymes, and inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes to produce systemic acquired resistance. Simultaneously, these results confirm that SA is a resistance-inducing factor against TYLCV infection that can be effectively applied in tomato plants.

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of BES1 gene family in tomato

“…S3). ARF5 [36], TAS14 [37], E4 [38], PR1 [39], WRKY37 [40] and D27 [41] could be induced by IAA, ABA, Ethephon, SA, MeJA and GR24 respectively, while CLAU [42], GA20ox1 [43] and CPD [44] could be repressed by 6-BA, GA 3 and EBL respectively. And expectedly, the expression of these genes under corresponding hormone treatment were basically in line with the reports published before, for example, TAS14 and PR1 were greatly induced over hundreds times by ABA and SA respectively, suggesting the effective treatment of plant hormone.…”

Role of Plant Extracts and Salicylic Acid for the Management of Chili Veinal Mottle Virus Disease

“…They were also described the phenomena of SA defense in plant and their useful aspects against the future famines(Zhao et al 2017). Many researchers concluded that the exogenous application of SA induce resistance in host plant against different viral plant pathogen by the accumulation of PR-proteins and by activating the different antiviral gene expression (Li et al 2019;Zhang et al 2020;Wang et al 2019;Patni and Ansari 2019;Koo et al 2020;Jahan et al 2019). The current study also revealed that the exogenous application of botanicals (Eucalyptus and Mint) reduce the disease severity of treated plant before the inoculation of virus.…”

Effect of elicitors on holm oak somatic embryo development and efficacy inducing tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

“…Plants respond to oomycete infection by multiple defense mechanisms, including strengthening of physical barriers, production of antimicrobial molecules, and programmed cell death 19 . In addition, many biological and chemical elicitors, such as necrotizing pathogens, salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), have been reported to activate plant immune response to pathogens 20 – 23 . These elicitors cause the induction of a primed state of enhanced defenses which allows plants to display either faster, stronger, or both, activation of the defense responses after further attacks by pathogens or insects, and also under abiotic stress conditions 24 .…”