Saliva as a Biomarker in Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - A Clinical Perspective

Hegde, Mithra N.; Attavar, Shruthi H; Hegde, Nidhi

doi:10.33309/2639-9164.020103

“…which can function as useful prognostic markers 19 . A good salivary biomarker to detect the progression of HIV (with high sensitivity and specificity) would help clinicians and oral pathologists to monitor the deterioration of clinical condition in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) 16 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary biomarkers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV: A scoping review protocol

Prasad

¹

,

Dsouza

²

,

Mithra

³

et al. 2021

F1000Res

0

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Background: Biomarkers are measurable indicators of normal biological processes, which provide an objective assessment of the physiologic state of living systems. Saliva contains several biomarkers that serve as a diagnostic tool in health and disease. Evaluation of a multitude of salivary components could potentially predict the clinical outcome. This is especially critical in a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Scrupulous evaluation of relevant biomarkers could facilitate the early detection of HIV, determine the stage of infection and monitor the disease progression. Currently, there is a paucity of validated biomarkers in saliva predicting the disease progression in people living with HIV. In this scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of the available evidence on salivary markers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV. Methods: The authors shall develop a tailored search strategy for each database using relevant keywords. We will search for eligible studies indexed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and gray literature. We will restrict the search to studies published in the English language. Following deduplication, all search results will be exported to the EPPI reviewer web, where two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool developed and pretested by the review authors will screen eligible studies. The result of this review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guidelines. Discussion: The proposed scoping review protocol will enable the identification and assessment of salivary biomarkers, which can predict disease progression in patients with HIV infection. The synthesis of evidence from this review will assist in improving our current understanding of biomarkers used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

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Salivary biomarkers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV: A scoping review

Prasad

¹

,

Dsouza

²

,

Mithra

³

et al. 2021

F1000Res

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Biomarkers are measurable indicators of normal biological processes, which provide an objective assessment of the physiologic state of living systems. Saliva contains several biomarkers that serve as a diagnostic tool in health and disease. Evaluation of a multitude of salivary components could potentially predict the clinical outcome. This is especially critical in a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Scrupulous evaluation of relevant biomarkers could facilitate the early detection of HIV, determine the stage of infection and monitor the disease progression. Currently, there is a paucity of validated biomarkers in saliva predicting the disease progression in people living with HIV. In this scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of the available evidence on salivary markers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV. Methods: The authors shall develop a tailored search strategy for each database using relevant keywords. We will search for eligible studies indexed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and gray literature. We will restrict the search to studies published in the English language. Following deduplication, all search results will be exported to the EPPI reviewer web, where two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool developed and pretested by the review authors will screen eligible studies. The result of this review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guidelines. Discussion: The proposed scoping review protocol will enable the identification and assessment of salivary biomarkers, which can predict disease progression in patients with HIV infection. The synthesis of evidence from this review will assist in improving our current understanding of biomarkers used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

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The correlation between dental caries and serum iron (Fe) levels in female students of Mamba’ul Khoiriyatil Islamiyah (MHI) Madrasa in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Yani¹,

Bramantoro²,

Wahyuningtyas³

et al. 2020

Dent. J.

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Background: Dental caries may cause discomfort and pain when chewing food, which in turn leads to insufficient absorption of nutrients, including iron, by the body. Lack of iron intake can cause iron-deficiency anaemia. Iron deficiency may also decrease salivary secretion and buffer capacity due to reduced salivary gland function, which may lead to dental caries. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the correlation between dental caries and serum iron (Fe) levels in the students of Mamba’ul Khoiriyati Islamiyah (MHI) Madrasa Aliyah in Bangsalsari Jember. Methods: Out of 71 students aged 15-18 years, 24 students were examined for caries with the DMF-T index and blood samples were also collected using the phlebotomy technique to assess the serum iron (Fe) level in µg/dL. The data were analysed using the Spearman’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: The average DMF-T score was high (7 ± 3.4) and the average serum iron (Fe) level was below normal (38 ± 11.5 µg/dL). The Spearman’s correlation test for dental caries and serum iron (Fe) levels showed significant results (p <0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of dental caries correlates with serum iron (Fe) levels. The higher the level of serum iron (Fe), the lower the level of dental caries.

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Saliva as a Biomarker in Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - A Clinical Perspective

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Salivary biomarkers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV: A scoping review protocol

Salivary biomarkers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV: A scoping review protocol

Salivary biomarkers associated with the progression of disease in people living with HIV: A scoping review

The correlation between dental caries and serum iron (Fe) levels in female students of Mamba’ul Khoiriyatil Islamiyah (MHI) Madrasa in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

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