Saliva from Obese Individuals Suppresses the Release of Aroma Compounds from Wine

Abstract

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that a lower extent of the retronasal aroma release correspond to a higher amount of ad libitum food intake. This has been regarded as one of the bases of behavioral choices towards food consumption in obese people. In this pilot study we investigated the hypothesis that saliva from obese individuals could be responsible for an alteration of the retro-nasal aroma release. We tested this hypothesis in vitro, by comparing the release of volatiles from a liquid food matrix (wine) after its interaction with saliva from 28 obese (O) and 28 normal-weight (N) individuals.Methods and FindingsAmplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region indicated that Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were more abundant in O, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria dominated in N. Streptococcaceae were significantly more abundant in the O subjects and constituted 34% and 19% on average of the saliva microbiota of O and N subjects, respectively. The Total Antioxidant Capacity was higher in O vs N saliva samples. A model mouth system was used to test whether the in-mouth wine aroma release differs after the interaction with O or N saliva. In O samples, a 18% to 60% significant decrease in the mean concentration of wine volatiles was detected as a result of interaction with saliva, compared with N. This suppression was linked to biochemical differences in O and N saliva composition, which include protein content.ConclusionMicrobiological and biochemical differences were found in O vs N saliva samples. An impaired retronasal aroma release from white wine was detected in vitro and linked to compositional differences between saliva from obese and normal-weight subjects. Additional in vivo investigations on diverse food matrices could contribute to understanding whether a lower olfactory stimulation due to saliva composition can be a co-factor in the development/maintenance of obesity.

Changes in the salivary protein profile of morbidly obese women either previously subjected to bariatric surgery or not

“…Because saliva composition is influenced by gender [21], only women were selected as subjects for the present study. A higher total protein concentration was observed in the saliva of obese individuals who had not been subjected to bariatric surgery, in line with reports on obese children and adolescents [34], and men [36]. Interestingly, women who had been subjected to bariatric surgery did not present increased levels of total salivary proteins, as compared to the control group, suggesting that weight loss may reverse such salivary change.…”

Whole-grain wheat consumption reduces inflammation in a randomized controlled trial on overweight and obese subjects with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: role of polyphenols bound to cereal dietary fiber

“…The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (515F-806R) was amplified by using the Earth Microbiome Project barcoded primer set. PCR conditions and library preparation were as described previously (26,27). Sequencing was carried out by using the Illumina MiSeq platform (Argonne Core Sequencing Facility).…”

Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease

“…It is doubtless that the oral and GI microbiota play key roles in health and disease (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). The human oral cavity is a complex ecosystem populated by ca.…”

“…Some of these bacterial species are closely associated with the development of oral diseases, mainly dental caries and periodontitis (25,26). Also, several nonoral diseases, such as bacterial endocarditis (30), heart disease (31), obesity (28), pneumonia (32), atherosclerosis (33), and preterm low birth weight (34), seemed to be somehow related to bacteria from the human oral cavity. Overall, the saliva is considered to be the most suitable tool to obtain information on the microbiota of the oral cavity (35).…”