Salivary Electrolytes in Patients with Metallic and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

Jurela, Antonija; Verzak, Željko; Brailo, Vlaho; Škrinjar, Ivana; Sudarević, Karlo; Janković, Bernard

doi:10.15644/asc52/1/5

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances (JURELA & al. [22]). VANISHREE & al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement

RĀDUCANU¹,

Mihai²,

CARAIANE³

et al. 2019

Rom Biotechnol Lett.

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The defensive mechanism of the human body includes a wide range of antioxidants (non-enzymatic and enzymatic) that can eliminate reactive oxygen species and prevent their harmful consequences on the host. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a biomarker used to measure the antioxidant potential of body fluids and it may be the most relevant parameter for assessing the defense capabilities. Because of the cumulative effect of antioxidants, it is better to measure the combined activity of all the antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity) instead of measuring the activity of each agent separated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different orthodontic appliances (fixed and removable-aligners) on salivary total antioxidant capacity and if is a correlation between TAC and oral injuries made by them. Three groups of subjects have been tested: one group of ten patients with metallic fixed appliances, one group of ten patients with aligners, and a control group consisting in ten subjects. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used for TAC assessment and salivary samples were obtained from all individuals before treatment, at two weeks from the beginning, at one and two month of treatment. Also, it was quantified the presence of the injuries in the mucosa (clinical parameter). The result shows that different types of orthodontic appliances increase differently the TAC and seems to be influenced by the injuries. KeywordsTotal antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH method, orthodontic aligners, fixed appliances.To cite this article: MĀDĀLINA RA, SEBASTIAN M, AURELIANA C, VICTORIA B.Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement.

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“…The salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances (JURELA & al. [22]). VANISHREE & al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement

RĀDUCANU¹,

Mihai²,

CARAIANE³

et al. 2019

Rom Biotechnol Lett.

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“…Afterward, the salivary Nickel/Chromium concentration of each container was measured thrice using ICP Prodigy7. The average per sample was recorded as the main value (34,35,42,43) was recorded in µg/L "micrograms per liter ". Noting that 1ppm=1000 ppb, 1ppm=1mg/L, 1mg=1000 µg, and 1L=1000mL.…”

Section: Salivary Ions Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oral cavity is an ecosystem that is known to cause the biodegradation of metals as a result of the process of electrochemical breakdown (1) . It has been reported that wearing different pediatric metal appliances might lead to the alteration of the salivary levels of electrolytes, with an increase in salivary nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) concentrations (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metal appliances in pediatric dentistry release metal ions into saliva through electrogalvanic current and saliva acts as a mediator (2,10,11) . The release is increased after teeth brushing with an increase in salivary pH (12) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, most of the studies (2,10,11,13,21,23) were conducted to evaluate the salivary release of Ni and Cr elements from metal orthodontic appliances but there were rare clinical and laboratory publications about the salivary pH level, nickel and chromium release from SSCs. Thus, this study was directed to determine, in-vitro and in-vivo, the effect of multiple stainless steel crowns on salivary pH value, nickel, and chromium levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Beltagy

2020

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Background: The use of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in pediatric dentistry is widely used. Recently, there has been an increasing ecological and global public health concern associated with environmental contamination by metallic alloys. Aim of the study: To determine the in-vitro and in-vivo effect of multiple stainless steel crowns on the salivary pH, nickel and chromium levels at different periods. Materials and methods:This study consisted of: I-In-vitro study: A total of 200 standard sizes of SSCs were divided into 4 groups (10 samples/each). Each sample/group contained 2, 4, 6, and 8 SSCs, respectively. All SSCs were trimmed 1mm circumferentially, smoothed, re-contoured, fitted, and cemented on standard crowns of plastic teeth models. Each group was placed in a closed container containing artificial saliva with a standard pH. II-In-vivo study: A total of 40 patients indicated for SSC restorations were selected, aged 5-9 years. Similar to in-vitro, they were allocated into 4 groups according to the numbers of SSCs restorations used. 5ml of unstimulated saliva was taken for pH, nickel, and chromium analysis at 5-intervals: baseline, and 1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1month, and 2-months post-cementation. Data analysis: The mean and standard deviations, one way ANOVA, and the Person correlation coefficient were used. The level of significance was adopted at p≤0.05. Results: In both studies:The more the increase in the number of SSCs, the more the increase in acidity and release of ions. As regards pH value; within the groups at 5 intervals, there was only a significant difference in groups containing 8 SSCs and 6 SSCs, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the lowest pH value. Among groups: in-vitro: all groups showed a significant difference during 3-time intervals (p≤0.05) except at 2-months; the difference was not significant (p>0.05), while in-vivo, the difference was not significant (p>0.05). As regards the released ions: Within groups, both studies showed a significant difference among all intervals, and between the intervals and the baseline (p≤0.05). Among groups: In-vitro, all groups showed significant differences during the intervals (p≤0.05), while the only period showing no significant difference was at 2 months in the chromium group (p>0.05). The group that has 8 SSCs recorded the highest level and the difference was significant (p≤0.05). The peak level of the released ions and reduced pH value was at 1day and 1week for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. Conclusion:The released nickel and chromium ions were directly proportional to the number of stainless steel crowns whereas the pH value was inversely proportional. The maximum level recorded was 1day and 1-week post-cementation for in-vitro and in-vivo study, respectively. The peak released of ions was much lower than the toxic level or the level of dietary intake.

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Effects of Restoring the Primary Dentition with Stainless-Steel Crowns on Children’s Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels, and the Associations with Saliva pH: a Preliminary Before-After Clinical Trial

Basir

Meshki

Behbudi

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Nickel and chromium existing in stainless-steel crowns (SSCs, used in pediatric dentistry) might be cytotoxic and allergenic. However, no in vivo studies have examined their salivary levels in children using SSCs, or in young children without SSCs. Also, the effect of acidity on metal ion release has not yet been evaluated in any previous in vivo studies in the whole literature. Therefore, this preliminary before-after clinical trial was conducted. Salivary nickel/chromium levels of 30 children before and after 2 months of placement of SSCs were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Salivary pH was measured with a digital pH meter. The effects of treatment, pH, number of SSCs, gender, and age on salivary ions were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05, β = 0.15). Salivary nickel concentrations increased from 4.9010 ± 4.7390 to 5.6320 ± 4.7210 μg/L (P = 0.000, paired t test). Chromium increased from 0.3273 ± 0.5214 to 0.4199 ± 0.6404 μg/L (P = 0.016). Saliva pH increased from 6.81 ± 0.52 to 7.04 ± 0.47 (P = 0.000). Ion levels were not correlated with pH (P > 0.14), except chromium in the follow-up (rho = - 0.435, P = 0.016). Nickel increase (but not chromium increase) was correlated with pH increase (rho = 0.367, P = 0.046). Age was only correlated with baseline chromium (rho = 0.373, P = 0.042). Being male was associated with baseline/follow-up nickel levels (P ≤ 0.030). SSC number was not correlated with ions or pH (P > 0.36). It was shown for the first time that SSCs might increase salivary nickel and chromium concentrations and reduce saliva acidity. Nickel increase might be in line with pH elevation. The raised pH might be associated with reduced chromium release. Boys might have higher nickel levels than might girls, with or without SSCs.

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Salivary Electrolytes in Patients with Metallic and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement

Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement

Effect of Multiple Stainless Steel Crowns on Salivary pH, Nickel, and Chromium Levels

Effects of Restoring the Primary Dentition with Stainless-Steel Crowns on Children’s Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels, and the Associations with Saliva pH: a Preliminary Before-After Clinical Trial

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