The scope of this work is a phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity assay of a Sempervivum ruthenicum Koch hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract was prepared from the dried leaves of the plant by maceration in a water and methanol mixture (50:50 v/v). The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated to be 3.0501�0.0272 mg/mL and the total flavonoid content was determined in a concentration of 3.113�0.0394 mg/mL. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed phenolic acids and flavonoids, which were quantified. The most prevalent phenolic acids in the extracts were gallic and ellagic acids, with concentrations of 1.2443�0.0475 mg/mL, respectively 0.6339�0.0026 mg/mL. The heteroside astragalin was present in high concentration of 1.1934�0.0754 mg/mL. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay revealed the EC50 value of the extract to be 2.5788�0.003 mg/mL. These results suggest a good scavenging ability of the extract, which is due to the abundance of polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the extract demonstrates a high scavenging ability at low doses. Sempervivum ruthenicum Koch shows a promising phytochemical profile that suggests it�s use in pathological conditions that involve high oxidative stress.

The defensive mechanism of the human body includes a wide range of antioxidants (non-enzymatic and enzymatic) that can eliminate reactive oxygen species and prevent their harmful consequences on the host. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a biomarker used to measure the antioxidant potential of body fluids and it may be the most relevant parameter for assessing the defense capabilities. Because of the cumulative effect of antioxidants, it is better to measure the combined activity of all the antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity) instead of measuring the activity of each agent separated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different orthodontic appliances (fixed and removable-aligners) on salivary total antioxidant capacity and if is a correlation between TAC and oral injuries made by them. Three groups of subjects have been tested: one group of ten patients with metallic fixed appliances, one group of ten patients with aligners, and a control group consisting in ten subjects. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used for TAC assessment and salivary samples were obtained from all individuals before treatment, at two weeks from the beginning, at one and two month of treatment. Also, it was quantified the presence of the injuries in the mucosa (clinical parameter). The result shows that different types of orthodontic appliances increase differently the TAC and seems to be influenced by the injuries. KeywordsTotal antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH method, orthodontic aligners, fixed appliances.To cite this article: MĀDĀLINA RA, SEBASTIAN M, AURELIANA C, VICTORIA B.Studies regarding salivary total antioxidant activity in different types of orthodontic treatement.

Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a regulator of bone response to mechanical stress that mediates adaptive bone formation, the pathological effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and other cytokines; regulates leukocytes and epithelial cell adhesion; inhibits T cell proliferation; and enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity, as well as other immune-related processes. The aim of the current study was to test the potential use of salivary NO as a biomarker of bone response that is specific and sensitive to local changes, following the application of different types of dental appliances. Material and methods: Salivary NO was determined in 30 patients divided into three groups with 10 participants each: control (C), fixed metal braces group (M), and aligners group (A). Salivary NO was determined four times in each group (before the procedure, at 2 weeks, 30 days, and 60 days after the procedure) using ELISA and rapid semi-quantitative assay with Nitric Oxide Saliva Test Strips (Berkeley, CA, USA). The mean results were compared with the ANOVA test, and the Pearson correlation index was calculated. The results show a significant increase in salivary NO levels by both methods only in the metal braces group, which is suggestive of oxidative damage, increased invasiveness, and bone response to metal braces. In conclusion, our study showed that metal brackets lead to a significant temporary increase in oral oxidative stress as an adaptive reaction to the presence of foreign bodies in the oral cavity. The subsequent concentration decrease at 60 days suggests a normalization of the body’s response to foreign bodies.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract obtained from the fruit of Prunus spinosa L.. The aqueous extract of 10% concentration was obtained from the pulp of dried fruits, harvested from Tulcea county, Romania. The tannin content was 3.38g % and the total polyphenols 6.95g %. Based on the HPLC analysis, the identified polyphenolic acids were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid and the concentrations in mg per 100g of fruit pulp powder were 15.174, 10.93 and 81.468, respectively. The 100 mg/mL aqueous extract had a high DPPH radical scavenger ability (87.30%) which correlated with the polyphenol content and supports the possibility of using rich bioactive aqueous extracts for oxidative stress related conditions.