Salivary hexosaminidase in smoking alcoholics with bad periodontal and dental states

The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the output of salivary immunoglobulin A

“…A number of epidemiological studies have shown an association between heavy alcohol drinking and poor dental status and oral hygiene [2]. It has also been found that persons addicted to alcohol with bad dental status have a double concentration of acetaldehyde in the saliva compared to those addicted to alcohol but who look after their oral hygiene [2].…”

“…The subjects were instructed to refrain from smoking, food and beverages, except water, for two hours before saliva was collected. All salivary samples (3 ml of resting whole saliva) were collected to plastic tubes placed on ice by the spitting method, under standardised conditions [2], between 8:00 and 9:00 am, to minimise the influence of circadian rhythms. The samples were centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4°C, to remove cells and debris.…”

“…About 2% of the population is dependent on alcohol [1]. About 80% of alcoholics smoke cigarettes [2]. Damage to the oral tissues following alcohol and nicotine intoxication is mostly attributed to acetaldehyde action.…”

“…Damage to the oral tissues following alcohol and nicotine intoxication is mostly attributed to acetaldehyde action. However, some effects of alcohol intoxication result also from the direct action of ethanol, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) [2,3]. Although oral mucosa may allow the entry of many pathogens to the system of innate and acquired immunity of oral mucosa as well as saliva, they usually eliminate the majority of pathogens and prevent massive overgrowth of microorganisms.…”

Effects of Daily Alcohol Intake on Serum and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Associated With Two Local Alcoholic Drinks of Benin

“…The increased activity of lysosomal glycosidases in the saliva of alcoholics is attributable to ethanol itself as well as alcohol metabolites, and may occur via many mechanisms: increased lysosomal membrane permeability, delayed removal of the enzymes from saliva, impaired trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases to organelles, enhanced synthesis of enzyme by activated leucocytes or leakage from damaged cells (Waszkiewicz et al, 2013). Therefore, in alcoholics, lysosomal and cellular membranes of the oral cavity tissues (including oral mucosa and salivary glands) may be damaged, and proteases together with glycosidases (including alpha amylase) may be transferred to cytosol, extracellular matrix, and to saliva (Waszkiewicz et al, 2012).…”