Salivary polytene chromosome mapping ofAnopheles(Cellia)subpictusGrassi (Culicidae: Diptera)

Abstract

With the introduction of molecular taxonomy of mosquitoes, polytene chromosome maps have become indispensable as standard references for locating genes, puffs, and inversion breakpoints of unique DNA sequences. We present a line map and a photomap of the salivary polytene chromosomes of Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi, an important emerging vector of malaria in India. In addition, we discuss the nature of this species complex consisting of sibling species A, B, C, and D. The comparative study is in relevance to the X chromosome heterozygous inversion differences between 2 allopatric populations of the species and the recognition of 4 X-chromosome inversion genotypes viz: species A-X(+a+b), B-X(ab), C-X(a+b) and D-X(+ab).

Salivary Polytene Chromosome Map of Anopheles darlingi, the Main Vector of Neotropical Malaria

“…Chromosome arm 3R shows the sections 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, and 34, which were subdivided into 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 subsections, respectively. In the chromosome arm 3L, sections 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43, and 44 were subdivided into 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, and 3 subsections, respectively. Other sections in which not all chromosome arms were modified, the number of subdivisions was maintained according to the reference map.…”

“…This was triggered by the first mapping of ribosomal genes 12 and genes of single copy (Hsp70) in polytene chromosomes of A. darlingi populations of Manaus and Macapá regions, in the Brazilian Amazon. 13 In previous studies, photomaps were described for other species as Anopheles funestus , 29 Anopheles stephensi , [31][32][33] Anopheles gambiae , 34,35 Anopheles subpictus , 36 Anopheles albimanus , 37 Anopheles triannulatus , 38 Anopheles cruzii , and Anopheles belattor . 20,21 The photomaps have been useful for identifying species with high chromosome polymorphism and monomorphic species 35 constructing maps of low resolution.…”

Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment in the Two Populations of Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus (Culcidae: Diptera)

“…In order to solve these problems, the approach to the study of their systematics included the karyological, ecological, morphological, physiological, biochemical and genomic data to characterize such species (Narang et al 1993, Reinert et al 1997, Chaudhry et al 2006a. These include the details of egg morphology (Hinton 1968, Subbarao et al 1987, Chaudhry and Gupta 1993, 1994, Linley et al 1993, Gupta and Chaudhry 2005, salivary and ovarian polytene chromosome banding patterns (Subbarao et al 1988, Subbarao 1996, Chaudhry 1999, Coetzee et al 1999, Ramirez and Dessen 2000, zymotaxonomy (Korvenkontio et al 1979, Bullini andColuzzi 1982), cuticular hydrocarbon estimation (Phillips et al 1990) and most recent means of PCR based DNA characterization and gene sequencing (Wilkerson et al 1995, Marinucci et al 1999, Proft et al 1999, Chaudhry et al 2004, Neetu and Chaudhry 2005. Although RAPD-PCR protocols for chromosomal (nuclear) DNA studies laid the foundations for the genomic characterization of species yet the analysis of internal transcribed spacers I and II (ITS I, II) and mitochondrial DNA provided certain additional advantages in DNA diagnostics.…”

Inversion dynamics in some population of an emerging vector of malaria Anopheles (Celia) subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…The fourth instar larvae were immediately sacrificed for obtaining the salivary glands while the younger stages were reared in the laboratory till they reached fourth instar stages. Alternatively, the field collected specimens were identified by following the keys of Wattal and Kalra (1967) and the species-specific banding pattern of the polytene X-chromosome (Chaudhry, 1986;Chaudhry and Rani, 1988;Chaudhry et al, 2005). The gravid females were held in test tubes in small numbers where they were allowed to lay eggs on a strip of wet filter paper.…”