Salivary protein markers: a noninvasive protein profile-based method for the early diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy

Abstract

An ultra-sensitive hyphenated technique, high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence detection protein profiling of saliva, is evaluated for early detection and diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Calibration sets of protein profiles of unstimulated whole saliva are collected from clinically/pathologically normal, premalignant, and malignant subjects and used as standards. Three parameters-scores of factors, sum of squared residuals, and Mahalanobis distance-derived from principal component analysis of protein profiles of the standard calibration sets, and blind samples are used for "match/no-match" diagnosis of the blind samples. Analyses of the results show that the method is capable of differentiating normal, premalignant, and malignant conditions with the sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 78%, respectively. The technique provides a fast, highly objective (free from personal judgment and statistically defined), and noninvasive diagnostic method for screening and early detection of oral cancer.

Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections

“…These techniques are time consuming, require prior knowledge of which antigen/antibody you are looking for, and so can be used only for specific proteins. High performance liquid chromatography-laser induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique has been used for ultrasensitive protein profiling of clinical samples like body fluids (blood, saliva, vaginal wash), tissue homogenates, and cellular lysates, for screening and early detection of oral, cervical, breast and ovarian cancer (Patil et al 2013 ; Patil et al 2015 ). Protein profiles recorded from the saliva of normal, premalignant and malignant oral cancer patients (Fig.…”

Optical Biopsy and Optical Pathology: Affordable Health Care Under Low-Resource Settings

“…), coronary conditions, gynecological problems, etc. are described elsewhere [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Here we will illustrate the capabilities of the system with a few results.…”

“…It is seen that there are substantial changes from the normal saliva under all conditions, showing that drastic changes have taken place in the functioning of the associated organs. We have standardized the protein profile pattern analysis method for screening, early detection, and monitoring of oral cancer by PCA of salivary samples, with high sensitivity and specificity [24].…”

Ultra-sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–laser-induced fluorescence based proteomics for clinical applications

“…We have developed an ultra-sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-laser induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) detection technique [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] as a protein-profiling approach for analyzing protein profiles of micro-quantities of clinical samples, such as serum [16,19], saliva [20], cellular samples [17] and tissue homogenates [18]. The method is highly objective, capable of diagnosing whether the subject under investigation has normal, pre-malignant, or malignant condition.…”