Salivary secretion and grooming behaviour during heat exposure in freely moving rats.

Yanase, M.; Kanosue, Kazuyuki; Yasuda, Hiroki; Tanaka, Hideto

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018402

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It must be emphasized that a consideration of overall system function in no way implies that regulation is accomplished by a single ''coordinator'', which is sending a unified error signal to all effector organs. Indeed, Kanosue et al (1997) summarized a number of experiments (Roberts and Mooney 1974;Kanosue et al 1991;Yanase et al 1991) which supported the original assertion of Satinoff (1978, p. 75) that multiple thermoregulatory effectors are controlled by different and relatively independent neuronal circuits and emphasized the existence of separate autonomic and behavioral systems. The current proposal is compatible with these views.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Concepts to utilize in describing thermoregulation and neurophysiological evidence for how the system works

et al. 2009

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We would like to emphasize about the system involved with homeostatic maintenance of body temperature. First, the primary mission of the thermoregulatory system is to defend core temperature (T (core)) against changes in ambient temperature (T (a)), the most frequently encountered disturbance for the system. T (a) should be treated as a feedforward input to the system, which has not been adequately recognized by thermal physiologists. Second, homeostatic demands from outside the thermoregulatory system may require or produce an altered T (core), such as fever (demand from the immune system). There are also conditions where some thermoregulatory effectors might be better not recruited due to demands from other homeostatic systems, such as during dehydration or fasting. Third, many experiments have supported the original assertion of Satinoff that multiple thermoregulatory effectors are controlled by different and relatively independent neuronal circuits. However, it would also be of value to be able to characterize strictly regulatory properties of the entire system by providing a clear definition for the level of regulation. Based on the assumption that T (core) is the regulated variable of the thermoregulatory system, regulated T (core) is defined as the T (core) that pertains within the range of normothermic T (a) (Gordon in temperature and toxicology: an integrative, comparative, and environmental approach, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005), i.e., the T (a) range in which an animal maintains a stable T (core). The proposed approach would facilitate the categorization and evaluation of how normal biological alterations, physiological stressors, and pathological conditions modify temperature regulation. In any case, of overriding importance is to recognize the means by which an alteration in T (core) (and modification of associated effector activities) increases the overall viability of the organism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Concepts to utilize in describing thermoregulation and neurophysiological evidence for how the system works

et al. 2009

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“…• C, T b increases and saliva is spread on the skin (99,398). It has been demonstrated that thermolytic salivation is initiated when T b reaches 39…”

Section: Role Of Peripheral No In Nonevaporative Heat Lossmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…NO has been reported to be involved in this thermolytic process (Table 2), affecting weight and blood content of the salivary glands, which are the main effectors of such a thermolytic response (99,398).…”

Section: Role Of Peripheral No In Nonevaporative Heat Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous Mediators in Temperature Regulation

Branco

Soriano

Steiner

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

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Deep body temperature (Tb) is kept relatively constant despite a wide range of ambient temperature variation. Nevertheless, in particular situations it is beneficial to decrease or to increase Tb in a regulated manner. Under hypoxia for instance a regulated drop in Tb (anapyrexia) is key to reduce oxygen demand of tissues when oxygen availability is diminished, leading to an increased survival rate in a number of species when experiencing low levels of inspired oxygen. On the other hand, a regulated rise in Tb (fever) assists the healing process. These regulated changes in Tb are mediated by the brain, where afferent signals converge and the most important regions for the control of Tb are found. The brain (particularly some hypothalamic structures located in the preoptic area) modulates efferent activities that cause changes in heat production (modulating brown adipose tissue activity and perfusion, for instance) and heat loss (modulating tail skin vasculature blood flow, for instance). This review highlights key advances about the role of the gaseous neuromodulators nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in thermoregulation, acting both on the brain and the periphery.

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“…In freely moving rats, the thresholds of body core temperature for grooming and the salivary secretion are similar. However, there was no correlation between the incidence of the grooming and the rate of salivary flow 55) . Therefore, the two mechanisms may be independent: there are no neurons which synchronize the activation of grooming and salivary secretion.…”

Section: Evaporative Heat Lossmentioning

confidence: 82%

Central Mechanisms for Thermoregulation in a Hot Environment

Nagashima

2006

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Homeothermic animals regulate body temperature by autonomic and behavioral thermoeffector responses. The regulation is conducted mainly in the brain. Especially, the preoptic area (PO) in the hypothalamus plays a key role. The PO has abundant warm-sensitive neurons, sending excitatory signals to the brain regions involved in heat loss mechanisms, and inhibitory signals to those involved in heat production mechanisms. The sympathetic fibers determine tail blood flow in rats, which is an effective heat loss process. Some areas in the midbrain and medulla are involved in the control of tail blood flow. Recent study also showed that the hypothalamus is involved in heat escape behavior in rats. However, our knowledge about behavioral regulation is limited. The central mechanism for thermal comfort and discomfort, which induce various behavioral responses, should be clarified. In the heat, dehydration affects both autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation by non-thermoregulatory factors such as high Na + concentration. The PO seems to be closely involved in these responses. The knowledge about the central mechanisms involved in thermoregulation is important to improve industrial health, e.g. preventing accidents associated with the heat or organizing more comfortable working environment.

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Salivary secretion and grooming behaviour during heat exposure in freely moving rats.

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Concepts to utilize in describing thermoregulation and neurophysiological evidence for how the system works

Concepts to utilize in describing thermoregulation and neurophysiological evidence for how the system works

Gaseous Mediators in Temperature Regulation

Central Mechanisms for Thermoregulation in a Hot Environment

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