Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations after two different resistance training exercises

Geisler, Stephan; Aussieker, Thorben; Paldauf, Sven; Scholz, Söhnke; Kurz, Markus; Jungs, Sebastian; Rissmeyer, Matthias; Achtzehn, Silvia; Zinner, Christoph

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08786-8

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The total number of participants was 147 physically trained individuals (135 men and 12 women), with an average age of 23.26 ± 3.10 years, body mass of 85.53 ± 12.68 kg, and height of 1.80 ± 0.04 m. Table 3 shows the methods and the main outcomes of the studies included in this review. Of the eight studies, seven used the maximum repetition test (RM) (Anderson et al, 2016;Bartolomei et al, 2014;Gaviglio et al, 2015;Geisler et al, 2019;Genner & Weston, 2014;Weakley et al, 2017) and one used the isokinetic device (Sinclair et al, 2013). Two studies showed a decrease in cortisol levels (Genner & Weston, 2014;Weakley et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study (Anderson et al, 2016) showed an acute increase in salivary cortisol levels after the first intervention and a chronic increase after 12 weeks. Three experiments (Bartolomei et al, 2014;Geisler et al, 2019;Genner & Weston, 2014) showed sharp increases in cortisol levels after the intervention. Table 4 shows the studies' risk of bias through the ROBINS-I tool.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, HIT can promote an acute increase in cortisol secretion, which plays a role in stimulating glycogenesis, accelerating and mobilizing free fatty acids, and initiating glucose maintenance (Anderson et al, 2016). There may be an increase in metabolic response, which can be evidenced by decreased pH and increased lactate concentrations (Geisler et al, 2019). This can occur due to the high volume of training and intensity and short intervals of muscle recovery between the sets of exercises (Church et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Aguiar¹,

Casimiro-Lopes²,

Castro³

et al. 2021

Retos

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) on salivary cortisol levels in physically trained individuals. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The search for scientific articles was carried out on the Scopus and MEDLINE (via PubMed) databases with the terms resistance training, saliva, cortisol, and their synonyms. We included interventions with high-intense resistance training that analyzed the salivary cortisol levels in physically trained men and women. From the 399 articles found, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. A population of 135 physically trained men and 12 women is with an average age of 23.26 ± 3.10 years, body mass of 85.53 ± 12.68 kg, and height of 1.80 ± 0.04 m. The intervention period ranged from 3 to 15 weeks with the use of 1 to 5 sets of 5 to 10 repetitions. Most protocols have been shown to provide significant stimuli to increase the level of cortisol acutely (p<0.05). The practice of HIT seems to be an effective intervention to stimulate the increase in acute and chronic salivary cortisol levels and thus induce possible changes in physiological and hormonal levels. Moreover, cortisol seems to represent physical activity in some populations and may be useful in monitoring physiology in large-scale observational physical activity surveys. However, more research is needed to elucidate the effects of HIT on cortisol and adaptive results. Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre los niveles de cortisol salival en individuos entrenados físicamente. Esta revisión sistemática siguió las recomendaciones de PRISMA. La búsqueda de artículos científicos se realizó en las bases Scopus y MEDLINE (vía PubMed) con los términos entrenamiento de resistencia, saliva, cortisol y sus sinónimos. Se incluyeron intervenciones con entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad que analizaron los niveles de cortisol salival en hombres y mujeres entrenados físicamente. De los 399 artículos encontrados, ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Una población de 135 hombres entrenados físicamente y 12 mujeres tiene una edad de 23,26±3,10 años, masa corporal de 85,53±12,68 kg y altura de 1,80±0,04 m. El período de intervención varió de 3 a 15 semanas con el uso de 1 a 5 series de 5 a 10 repeticiones. Se ha demostrado que la mayoría de los protocolos proporcionan estímulos significativos para aumentar el nivel de cortisol de forma aguda (p<0,05). La práctica de entrenamiento de alta intensidad parece ser una intervención eficaz para estimular el aumento de los niveles de cortisol salival agudo y crónico y así inducir posibles cambios en los niveles fisiológicos y hormonales. Además, el cortisol parece representar la actividad física en algunas poblaciones y puede ser útil para monitorear la fisiología en encuestas observacionales de actividad física a gran escala. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los efectos de entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol y los resultados adaptativos.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Aguiar¹,

Casimiro-Lopes²,

Castro³

et al. 2021

Retos

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“…Cortisol responds robustly to resistance exercise, with concentrations peaking at ∼30–60 min after high‐volume resistance exercise (Ahtiainen, Pakarinen, Alen, Kraemer, & Häkkinen, ; Geisler et al., ; Häkkinen & Pakarinen, ; Nindl et al., ; Smilios et al., ; Walker, Taipale, Nyman, Kraemer, & Häkkinen, ). Likewise, and temporally aligned, significant increases in corticosterone concentration were observed after both resistance exercise sessions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to maximize acute increases in serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations, higher total training volumes and exercises targeting large muscle groups or whole‐body workouts are needed (Gotshalk et al., ; Häkkinen & Pakarinen, ; Häkkinen et al., ; Kraemer et al., ; Smilios et al., ). For example, five sets of 10 repetitions in the back‐squat exercise led to significant increases in both testosterone and cortisol ≤45 min postexercise, whereas five sets of 10 repetitions in bench press (an exercise using a smaller muscle mass) resulted in no change in salivary concentrations (Geisler et al., ). Indeed, in the present study, the largest testosterone responses were observed after the bilateral leg‐press sets, and a gradual return to pre‐exercise values occurred thereafter, despite the subjects subsequently performing the unilateral knee‐extension sets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute responses of comprehensive gonadosteroids and corticosteroids to resistance exercise before and after 10 weeks of supervised strength training

Walker

Häkkinen

Newton

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Although acute responses of the principal gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormones to resistance exercise are well documented, there is no information regarding how the key lower‐concentration intermediary hormones respond and potentially influence these hormonal pathways. What is the main finding and its importance?This study provides evidence for cascading conversions of some gonadosteroids, and the data suggest that the testosterone concentration increases independently of these hormones. These findings challenge future studies to determine the exact physiological roles of the lower‐concentration gonadosteroids and corticosteroids during and immediately after resistance exercise. Abstract Resistance training is a potent stimulus for muscle growth, and steroid hormones are known to play a role in this adaptation. However, very little is known about the acute exercise‐induced gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormone responses, including those of key lower‐concentration intermediate hormones. The present study determined the acute responses of these steroid hormone families using quantitative ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after resistance exercise in strength‐trained men. Venous and fingertip blood samples were obtained pre‐, mid‐, 5 min post‐ and 15 min post‐resistance exercise, both before and after 10 weeks of supervised resistance training. The experimental resistance exercise sessions consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions of bilateral leg‐press exercise and three sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral knee‐extension exercise, with 2 and 1 min recovery between sets, respectively. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in the concentration of hormones in the gonadosteroid [including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone and estrone] and the corticosteroid (including cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone) families were demonstrated after both experimental resistance exercise sessions, irrespective of training status. Correlation analyses revealed relationships between the following hormones: (i) DHEA and androstenedione; (ii) DHEA and cortisol; (iii) androstenedione and estrone; and (iv) 11‐deoxycortisol and cortisol. Testosterone appears to increase acutely and independently of other intermediary hormones after resistance exercise. In conclusion, lower‐concentration intermediary gonadosteroids (e.g. estrone) and corticosteroids (e.g. corticosterone) respond robustly to resistance exercise in strength‐trained men, although it seems that testosterone concentrations are regulated by factors other than the availability of precursor hormones and changes in plasma volume.

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Comparative Analysis on Blood Fatigue Variables after Isokinetic and Isotonic Exercise Training in Elite Athletes

Seo

Kim

2022

KSPM

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PURPOSE:This study examined the changes in the blood fatigue variables caused by isokinetic and isotonic exercise training. METHODS:Ten healthy adult males with at least one year of athletic experience participated. The participants performed the isokinetic circuit exercise program first, followed by an isotonic circuit exercise program. A two-hour break was allowed between the isokinetic circuit exercise program and the isotonic circuit exercise program. The circuit exercise program consisted of four items (Squat, Deadlift, Shoulder press, and Bench press). The blood samples were analyzed for the LDH, CPK, and Cortisol levels. RESULTS: The LDH level in the isokinetic group was significantly different from the isotonic group. In particular, the change in LDH level in the isokinetic group was 33.30% lower than that of the isotonic group. The serum CPK level of the isokinetic group showed a 10.03% lower decrease than the isotonic group, but the difference was not significant. The Cortisol level was relatively unchanged in the isotonic group, †Corresponding Author : Kyoung Kim

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Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations after two different resistance training exercises

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review (Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática)

Acute responses of comprehensive gonadosteroids and corticosteroids to resistance exercise before and after 10 weeks of supervised strength training

Comparative Analysis on Blood Fatigue Variables after Isokinetic and Isotonic Exercise Training in Elite Athletes

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