Salt Crystallization Sequences of Nonmarine Brine and Their Application for the Formation of Potassium Deposits

Ye, Chuanyong; Mao, Jianye; Ren, Yi; Li, Yingping; Lin, Yan-Bo; Power, Ian M.; Luo, Yadan

doi:10.1007/s10498-018-9340-3

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although neither bicarbonate nor carbonate was detected in this work, which is due to a relatively low detection sensitivity for these species and the relatively low concentrations, it is still rational to expect some carbonates/bicarbonates existing in the brines, as reported in previous studies. 6,25,26,28 For the lakebed salt and crust salt solutions, the pH lies between those of the brines and crystallized brine solutions, reflecting the pH of naturally precipitated salts, that is, mainly NaCl and KCl.…”

Section: Accent Pitzer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ye et al studied the salt crystallization sequences of Qaidam saline lake brines with the aim of explaining the formation of potassium deposits in the area. 26 Moreover, Han et al examined the microbial community structure and diversity in Keke Saline Lake in the Qaidam Basin. 27 Although these studies vary in their implications and applications, the common interest is the geochemistry of these saline lakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al used sulfur isotopes as indicators and reported the formation mechanism of MgSO 4 -deficient evaporites in the Qarhan salt lake, which is located at the lowest point of the Qaidam Basin. Ye et al studied the salt crystallization sequences of Qaidam saline lake brines with the aim of explaining the formation of potassium deposits in the area . Moreover, Han et al examined the microbial community structure and diversity in Keke Saline Lake in the Qaidam Basin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Hygroscopic Characterization of Surface Salts in the Qaidam Basin: Implications for Climate Impacts on Planet Earth and Mars

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Salt particles play important roles in many atmospheric processes due to their high hygroscopicity. Saline lakes and playas are sources of salt particles, which are normally mixed with mineral dust that can be transported over long distances. In this study, salt samples collected from four saline lakes and surrounding playas in the Qaidam Basin are studied for their physicochemical properties, focusing on the chemical compositions and hygroscopicity. The salt samples include brines, lakebed salts, crust salts, and crystallized brines. Thermodynamic models are used to explain the precipitating and hygroscopic behaviors based on ionic compositions of dissolved saline solutions. Regarding the ionic compositions, the crystallized brines are similar to the complex mineral compositions of brines, while the natural solid salts, including lakebed salts and crust salts, show very distinct composition differences. The main difference between brines and natural solid salts is the presence of Mg2+ and SO4 2–, which are primarily found in brines but not in the solid phases. Moreover, all the crust salts are dominated by NaCl regardless of the chemical compositions of the nearby saline lakes. Positive matrix factorization is applied to the ionic concentrations, and the results show that solid salts and brines are governed by different factors. The pH of brines correlates with Mg2+ concentrations and is potentially influenced by ambient CO2 uptake. The hygroscopicity experimental results and thermodynamic model outcomes show that the water uptake of different salt types is controlled by different salt components, that is, crystallized brines are controlled by MgCl2 and natural salts are governed by NaCl and KCl. The characterizations of saline lake and playa salts improve the understandings of the roles that surface salts potentially play in the climate systems of both Planet Earth and Mars.

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Section: Accent Pitzer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Hygroscopic Characterization of Surface Salts in the Qaidam Basin: Implications for Climate Impacts on Planet Earth and Mars

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…The complete collection of ionic concentrations from literature can be found in Table S1 [6,16,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48], and representative values are plotted in Figure 3. Overall, the anion Cl − is most abundant in brines, followed by the cations Na + and Mg 2+ (Figure 3a).…”

Section: Ionic Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopicity of Fresh and Aged Salt Mixtures from Saline Lakes

Liu

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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The high hygroscopicity of salt aerosol particles makes the particles active in aerosol and cloud formations. Inland saline lakes are an important and dynamic source of salt aerosol. The salt particles can be mixed with mineral dust and transported over long distances. During transportation, these particles participate in atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry and further impact the climate and air quality on a global scale. Despite their importance and potential, relatively little research has been done on saline lake salt mixtures from atmospheric perspectives. In this study, we use experimental and model methods to evaluate the hygroscopic properties of saline lake brines, fresh salt aerosol particles, and aged salt aerosol particles. Both original samples and literature data are investigated. The original brine samples are collected from six salt lakes in Shanxi and Qinghai provinces in China. The ionic compositions of the brines are determined and the hygroscopicity measurements are performed on crystallized brines. The experimental results agree well with theoretical deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) values estimated by a thermodynamic model. The correlations between DRHs of different salt components and the correlations between DRHs and ionic concentrations are presented and discussed. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is performed on the ionic concentrations data and the hygroscopicity results, and the solutions are interpreted and discussed. The fresh and aged salt aerosol particles are analyzed in the same way as the brines, and the comparison shows that the aged salt aerosol particles completely alter their hygroscopic property, i.e., transferring from MgCl2− governed to NH4NO3− governed.

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“…The traditional evaporation and membrane separation methods have shown some success with limitations [14][15][16]. The environmental factors, such as weather dependency and the use of a large area of land are the limiting factors of the evaporation-precipitation method [17,18]. In the precipita-tion process of K + separation, anions such as dipicrylamine anion (DPA − ) or pentaborate (B 10 O 16 2− ) were used, which added to the toxicity problem [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Adsorption of Potassium in Seawater by CoHCF Thin Film Electrode and Its Electrochemical Desorption/Regeneration

et al. 2021

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Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) was tested for the selective uptake of K from seawater and the electrochemical method was adopted for the desorption and regeneration of the material. Powder form CoHCF could adsorb about 6.5 mmol/g of K from the seawater. For the ease of the electrochemical desorption and regeneration, CoHCF thin film was coated onto the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass to obtain a CoHCF electrode. K adsorption kinetics on CoHCF thin film was found to be well fitted with the intraparticle diffusion model, which was a two-step process. Five consecutive adsorption-desorption-regeneration cycles were carried out to know the gradual decrease in the adsorption capacity owing to changes in the redox states of two metals, Co and Fe, in the material. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) measurement results corresponded to the color change of CoHCF thin film, indicating the valence change of transition metals and the exchange of alkali metal cations happened on the CoHCF at different operation stages. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism, composition of the material was analysis in the following steps: adsorption, desorption, and regeneration. It was proved that the system based on CoHCF thin film modified electrode had the potential of recovering potassium from seawater.

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Salt Crystallization Sequences of Nonmarine Brine and Their Application for the Formation of Potassium Deposits

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Chemical and Hygroscopic Characterization of Surface Salts in the Qaidam Basin: Implications for Climate Impacts on Planet Earth and Mars

Chemical and Hygroscopic Characterization of Surface Salts in the Qaidam Basin: Implications for Climate Impacts on Planet Earth and Mars

Hygroscopicity of Fresh and Aged Salt Mixtures from Saline Lakes

Selective Adsorption of Potassium in Seawater by CoHCF Thin Film Electrode and Its Electrochemical Desorption/Regeneration

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