Sample temperatures during outdoor and laboratory weathering exposures

Pickett, James E.; Sargent, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.005

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Arrhenius model is also utilized for calculating effective exposure temperature T eff , which represents a constant temperature that creates the same amount of photo-degradation as the naturally varying temperature in outdoors and provides a benchmark temperature for making lifetime predictions from accelerated laboratory exposures (see, for example, [26]). There have been a few reports of using the Arrhenius model for accelerated studies of OPV devices [27][28][29].…”

Section: Table 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices

Reese

Gevorgyan

Jørgensen

et al. 2011

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

879

606

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Section: Table 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices

Reese

Gevorgyan

Jørgensen

et al. 2011

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

879

606

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“…This corresponds well to the scaling factor found for the UV absorption, suggesting that the lower than expected outdoor degradation rate is indeed due to the difference in degradation temperatures. However, the scaling factor found for the IR absorption measurement is much lower and cannot be explained with the reported activation energy [15]. This suggests that the ratio of the mechanisms of degradation in the accelerated and outdoor ageing is different.…”

Section: Comparison Of Accelerated and Outdoor Exposure Testsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The influence of temperature on the degradation rate can be calculated with the following formula [15]. where h and k 2 are the relative degradation rates at temperature T x and T 2 respectively, R is the gas constant, and E a is the activation energy.…”

Section: Comparison Of Accelerated and Outdoor Exposure Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where h and k 2 are the relative degradation rates at temperature T x and T 2 respectively, R is the gas constant, and E a is the activation energy. For BPA-PC an activation energy of 21 kJ/mol was reported [15]. When for the outdoor ageing temperature the daily average maximum ambient temperature (22 C) in Sanary, and for the accelerated degradation the chamber temperature (40 C) is taken, according to Eq.…”

Section: Comparison Of Accelerated and Outdoor Exposure Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor and accelerated weathering studies of bisphenol A polycarbonate

Diepens

Gijsman

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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a b s t r a c tThe influence of outdoor weathering on the degradation rate of unstabilized bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA-PC) films is investigated and compared to the results found for indoor accelerated weathering conditions, using UV and IR spectroscopy. At the same dosage, changes in UV and IR were larger for the accelerated than for the outdoor weathered samples, this could be explained by the lower degradation temperature during outdoor exposures. The difference between outdoor and accelerated weathering is according to the IR measurement larger than according to the UV measurement. This difference is ascribed to difference in wavelength distribution between the spectra of the light emitted in the accelerated test and from the terrestrial sunlight. The larger difference for the IR results than for the UV results suggests a difference in ratio between photo-Fries rearrangements and photo-oxidation reaction between both exposures.

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“…In reality, the specimen may only reach such a high temperature for a short period of the year. In an attempt to correlate the level of damage to specimens as a result of simulated exposures in the laboratory with the real level of damage from outdoor solar radiation, Pickett and Sargent [35] used the Arrhenius equation along with a cumulative damage model to more accurately take into account the effect of temperature in prediction of the lifetime of materials as follows:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review

Rezazadeh

Torvi

2010

Fire Technol

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There has been some research into the level of damage and changes to important properties of firefighters' protective clothing after exposure to conditions such as elevated temperature and ultra violet radiation. However, at this time, the results are not comprehensive enough to develop a standard procedure to estimate the remaining useful life of firefighters' protective clothing. There is also a need to develop non-destructive techniques to evaluate clothing, for most tests used to evaluate properties of clothing are destructive, and visual cues cannot completely assess the level of deterioration of the properties of thermal protective fabrics. In this paper, major factors that affect the continuing performance of firefighters' protective clothing and their effects on the service life of the clothing are reviewed. Some nondestructive methods which have been employed in different studies to evaluate the degradation of physical properties of firefighters' protective clothing are also described, along with statistical and probabilistic methods for estimating the useful life of materials. Suggestions for future research, which will assist fire departments in determining the level of damage to clothing, and estimating its remaining useful life are also discussed.

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Sample temperatures during outdoor and laboratory weathering exposures

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices

Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices

Outdoor and accelerated weathering studies of bisphenol A polycarbonate

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review

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