Saponins of red ginseng.

Kasai, Ryoji; Besso, Hiromichi; Tanaka, Osamu; Saruwatari, Yuhichiro; Fuwa, Tohru

doi:10.1248/cpb.31.2120

Cited by 87 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ginseng saponins, referred to as ginsenosides, are believed to play a pharmacologically significant role. Several studies have reported new ginsenosides from red ginsengs that are not normally found in raw ginseng (42,43). The major components of red ginseng are ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean red ginseng protects against neuronal damage induced by transient focal ischemia in rats

Ban

Kang

Lee

et al. 2012

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) following focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury, in relation to its antioxidant activities. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats was employed. The KRG extract (100 mg/kg, perorally) was administered once daily for 7 days following MCAO/R. The elevated levels of lipid peroxidation in the MCAO/R group were attenuated significantly in the KRG-administered group. The significantly depleted activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase was prevented in the KRG-administered group. In the neurobehavioral evaluation expressed as the modified neurological severity score and corner-turn test, the daily intake of KRG showed consistent and significant improvement in the neurological deficits for 7 days following MCAO/R injury. These results indicate that KRG has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion brain injury by reducing the level of lipid peroxidation and increasing the endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean red ginseng protects against neuronal damage induced by transient focal ischemia in rats

Ban

Kang

Lee

et al. 2012

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…n-BuOH fraction was chromatographed on silica gel column, and the gel was eluted with CHCl3-MeOH-H2O (10:3:1→7:3:1). Eluates were examined by TLC together with authentic samples, and panaxadiol type saponin (29.2 g) and panaxatriol type saponin (32.8 g) were obtained (50,51).…”

Section: Anticarcinogenicity Of Various Ginseng Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, we purified four compounds, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rhl (Rhl) (54), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) (55), 20(S)-gisenoside Rg3 (Rg3) and ginsenoside Rg5 (55) from Korean red ginseng and tested them by Yun' s model. Ginsenoside Rg5 was isolated as previously described (45), and Rg3 and Rh2 were by usual procedure from Korean red ginseng (51,55). In brief, a mixture of 20(R)-and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was obtained under mild acidic hydrolysis from protopanaxadiol saponins, ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd.…”

Section: Identification Of Active Anticarcino-genic Components In Redmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticarcinogenic Effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Identification of Active Compounds

Yun¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2001

J Korean Med Sci

209

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The failure to improve the five-year survival rate of cancer patients, from one in three in the 1960s to one in two in the 1970s, stimulated awareness of the importance of primary prevention of cancer. Korean investigators carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments with 2000 newborn mice to investigate whether Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer inhibited carcinogenesis induced by several chemical carcinogens in 1978. There was a 22% decrease (p <0.05) in the incidence of urethane induced lung adenoma by the combined use of red ginseng extract. In the group sacrificed at 56 weeks after the treatment with aflatoxin B1, the incidence of hepatoma significantly decreased to 75% by the addition of red ginseng extract (p <0.05). The result showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. By the newly established '9 week mediumterm anticarcinogenicity test model of lung tumors in mice' (Yun' s model), we confirmed significant anticarcinogenic effects of powders and extracts of the 6-yr-old dried fresh ginseng, 5-and 6-yr old white ginsengs, and 4-, 5-, and 6-yr old red ginseng. We also demonstrated that the anticarcinogencity of ginseng was more prominent in aged or heat treated extracts of ginseng and red ginseng made by steaming. To investigate the active components for cancer prevention, several fractions of 6-yr old fresh ginseng and red ginseng, four semi-synthetic ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rg3 and Rg5, major saponin components in red ginseng, were prepared. Among the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Rg5 showed statistically significant reduction of lung tumor incidence and Rh2 had a tendency of decreasing the incidence. Ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 were found to be active anticarcinogenic compounds. Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 are active components in red ginseng, and they prevent cancer either singularly or synergistically.

show abstract

“…Several investigators have reported new ginsenosides from RG that are not usually found in WG. 15) Recently, a method which can enhance the yield of these RG specific components by steaming ginseng at a temperature higher than RG has been developed. 16) This heat-processed ginseng, termed sun ginseng (SG), has been reported to have more potent pharmacological activities, such as vasorelaxation, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Sun Ginseng against Diabetic Renal Damage

Kang

Kim

Yamabe

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia. An abnormally elevated blood glucose level causes oxidative stress and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which have been closely linked to diabetic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. 1,2) In particular, diabetics are at increased risk for several types of kidney disease, and the predominant cause of end stage renal disease in this disorder is diabetic nephropathy. 3,4) However, recent clinical trials suggest that there is no effective treatment for diabetic nephropathy.5) Therefore, preventions of the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy has become a very important issue. Therefore, great effort has been focused on traditional and herbal medicine without toxic effects to find a novel therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy.Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the Orient. It has a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions, such as antiaging, immunoenhancement, antistress and antitumor. [6][7][8] In addition, several investigations strongly support the evidence that ginseng root possesses anti-diabetic properties, such as inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption, increase in energy expenditure, improving sensitivity to insulin and stimulation of sugar metabolism, etc.9-11) Moreover, ginseng root has been shown in clinical studies to have beneficial effects in diabetic patients. 12,13) Of the two kinds of ginseng, white ginseng (WG) is airdried ginseng, and red ginseng (RG) is produced by steaming raw ginseng at 98-100°C for 2-3 h. RG is reportedly more pharmacologically active than WG.14) These improved biological activities of ginsengs result from changes in the chemical constituents that occur during steam treatment. Ginseng saponins, referred to as ginsenosides, are believed to play a pharmacologically important role. Several investigators have reported new ginsenosides from RG that are not usually found in WG.15) Recently, a method which can enhance the yield of these RG specific components by steaming ginseng at a temperature higher than RG has been developed.16) This heat-processed ginseng, termed sun ginseng (SG), has been reported to have more potent pharmacological activities, such as vasorelaxation, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.17,18) Furthermore, SG showed stronger peroxynitrite (ONOO Ϫ ) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities than WG and RG in our previous in vitro study.19) However, the effects of SG on diabetic rats have not been reported yet, and the enhanced radical scavenging activities of SG are thought to be beneficial against diabetic oxidative damage caused by hyperglycemia.Therefore, the protective effect of SG against renal damage caused by oxidative stress or the formation of AGEs under diabetes and its molecular biological mechanism were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODSReagents Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMS) and bactin were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.)....

show abstract

Saponins of red ginseng.

Cited by 87 publications

References 1 publication

Korean red ginseng protects against neuronal damage induced by transient focal ischemia in rats

Korean red ginseng protects against neuronal damage induced by transient focal ischemia in rats

Anticarcinogenic Effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Identification of Active Compounds

Protective Effect of Sun Ginseng against Diabetic Renal Damage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About