SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody kinetics in blood donors with a previously positive SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody test within a seroprevalence survey

Abstract

The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies is a matter of importance regarding the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. To observe antibody dynamics, 105 blood donors, positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by a lateral flow test within a seroprevalence study, were included in this study. Thirty-nine (37%) of 105 the donors were confirmed positive by a total Ig Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three (8%) in this group of 39 reported severe and 26/39 (67%) mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. By further ELISA-testing, 33/39 (85%) donors were initially positive for IgG antibodies, 31/39 (79%) for IgA, and 32/39 (82%) for IgM, while 27/39 (69%) were positive for all three isotypes. Persistence of IgG, IgA, and IgM was observed in 73%, 79%, and 32% of donors, respectively, after 6-9 months of observation. For IgM antibodies, the decline in the proportion of positive donors was statistically significant (p = 0.002) during 12 months observation, for IgG only the decline at 3 months was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Four donors exhibited notable increases in antibody levels. In conclusion, persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies and IgG antibodies at 6-9 months are present in approximately three of four individuals with previous mild to moderate

Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients

“…Therefore, IgA is a good surrogate marker to predict the clinical course of COVID-19. In addition, a previous study reported that early baseline antibody levels were key drivers of the subsequent antibody production and the long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 [ 48 – 50 ]. In accordance with the previous studies [ 48 , 49 ], we found that the level of anti-S1 IgA in COVID-19 patients was relatively high and was maintained over 9 months after infection (in over 70% and 80% of patients without pneumonia and with pneumonia, respectively).…”

Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

“…Participants gave their written informed consent to take part in the study. Between May 11, 2020, and May 24, 2022, 320 participants aged 14-87 years (median 31, IQR [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]) were recruited and followed for up to 837 days (median 155, IQR [58-277]). Two individuals lacked age information: 245 were males and 75 were females.…”

“…Multiple viral proteins (29,30) elicit prompt and longlasting immunity that persists for several months (31)(32)(33). SARS-CoV-2-directed S-and N-IgG, -IgM, and -IgA antibody profiles have guided inference of the serological response to COVID-19 and provided insight into the relevance of targeting the Spike-protein for vaccine design (34,35). Using data from European cohorts, mathematical modellers predicted the persistence of functional Spike and RBDdirected antibodies 465 days post-infection and faster decay of Ndirected antibodies, providing data that inform vaccination and serosurveillance strategies (36).…”