Saturation of 1047- and 1064-nm Absorption in ${\hbox {Cr}}^{4+}$:YAG Crystals

Ridderbusch, H.; Graf, Th.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2006.889055

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…σ ESAπ is also over 5% higher. But the ratio, σ SAπ /σ ESAπ = 4.1-4.2 is good consistent with the most recently reported value of 3.8-4.7 [14]. We emphasize that the ratio is simply deduced from the ratio of the unsaturated and saturated transmission of Cr 4+ :YAG experimentally, and it does not depend on inaccurate parameters of the internal photon intensity and Cr 4+ ion concentration.…”

Section: A Calculation Of Anisotropic Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Direct Measurement of Temporal Transmission Distribution of a Saturable Absorber in a Passively Q-Switched Laser

Tsunekane

Taira

2016

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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An in situ temporal decay and spatial distribution of the transmission of a Cr 4+ :YAG saturable absorber in a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were measured simultaneously by a scanning transmission focused laser beam method. An excited ion decay time of 4 μs and a top hat (saturated) transmission distribution were clearly observed. The ratio of the ground-state absorption cross section and the excited-state absorption cross section (σ SAπ/ σ ESAπ ) for π-polarized light to the S 4 local symmetry axis of Cr 4+ center was measured at approximately 4.1-4.2. Using a theoretical fitting of the transmission distributions, we found the ground-state absorption cross sections to be at 1 × 10 −17 and 2.3 × 10 −19 cm 2 for π and for σ -polarized light to the S 4 local symmetry axis of Cr 4+ center, respectively. The value of the excited-state absorption cross section was also estimated correspond to 2.4 × 10 −18 cm 2 .

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Section: A Calculation Of Anisotropic Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Direct Measurement of Temporal Transmission Distribution of a Saturable Absorber in a Passively Q-Switched Laser

Tsunekane

Taira

2016

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…In the rate-equation analysis, with very fast relaxation and thermalization among the highest levels, only two Cr 4+ levels need be included -the ground state ( 3 A 2 ) and metastable state ( 1 E) with fractional population  . Ridderbusch and Graf 37 show that only for picosecond pulses or extremely high intensity (not relevant to our model) are the highest excited Cr 4+ population levels important. Further discussion of the Cr 4+ :YAG energy levels may be found in refs.…”

Section: Media Population Rate-equationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Numeric Multi-Dimensional (r, z, t) Analysis Method for Compact Yb³⁺:YAG End-Pumped, Passively Q-Switched Lasers

Chinn

Leach

McIntosh

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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We have applied a new simplified combination of numerical methods for studying the time and threedimensional space dependence of quasi-three-level Yb 3+ :Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) end-pumped lasers passively Q-switched by a Cr 4+ :YAG saturable absorber. We base our 3-D model on iterative, efficient, time-and space-dependent numerical propagation of the optical field through the laser cavity. The complex-valued laser field is coupled to the Yb 3+ :YAG and Cr 4+ :YAG media via complex optical permittivities, which are subsequently altered by gain/loss intensity saturation. The calculation is simplified using the radial symmetry of the system, with the cavity round-trip time as the smallest increment for updating the permittivities. We also include the effects of field diffraction in an intra-cavity air gap. For specified CW spatial pump conditions, self-consistent repetitively pulsed solutions for the laser field in a flat-flat or flat-convex mirror cavity are found with no ad hoc laser mode size or shape assumptions; these solutions are not Gaussian modes. We concentrate on compact lasers with multi-Watt average output power, operating at modest pulse energy (~1.0 mJ), high repetition rate (~5 kHz) and short pulse duration (~1.5 ns). Typical room-temperature pump-to-laser slope power efficiencies exceeding 50% are predicted, depending on laser pump and cavity loss parameters. Model results agree well with recently published experimental data.

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“…In the model [8], for fixed values of R, T o , and cavity length, the pulse width is controlled by the simulated emission cross section and the ratio of the ground state to the excited state absorption cross sections of the Q-switch. When floating the ratio ( gs/  es ) in the model within the published ranges (3.6 to 4.9) [18], the y-intercept of theoretical curve can at most be increased by 800 ps and the slope changes slightly. Therefore, the uncertainty in the ration cannot explain the discrepancy between the predicted (simulated) and measure results.…”

Section: Mode Beating Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Q-switch was AR coated on both surfaces at 1061 nm with a reflectivity of ~10 -3 . The spectroscopic properties and saturation dynamics of Cr +4 :YAG can be found in [17,18] [20,21]) Cr +4 :YAG has been used to obtain temporally smooth Q-switched pulses [22,23] and also QSML pulse trains [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity length dependence of mode beating in passively Q-switched Nd-solid state lasers.

Zameroski¹,

Wanke²,

Bossert³

2012

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The beat frequencies, temporal intensity profile, and modulation depth of a flash lamp pumped passively Q-switched, Nd:Cr:GSGG monoblock laser with a Cr +4 :YAG Qswitch are investigated as a function of cavity length. The measured temporal widths are linearly correlated with cavity length and the modulation depths of the temporal waveforms are periodic in nature with cavity length, peaking at integer multiples of c/2nL. Simulations support measured trends in the pulse widths and beat frequencies as a function of cavity length.4

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Saturation of 1047- and 1064-nm Absorption in ${\hbox {Cr}}^{4+}$:YAG Crystals

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Direct Measurement of Temporal Transmission Distribution of a Saturable Absorber in a Passively Q-Switched Laser

Direct Measurement of Temporal Transmission Distribution of a Saturable Absorber in a Passively Q-Switched Laser

Numeric Multi-Dimensional (r, z, t) Analysis Method for Compact Yb³⁺:YAG End-Pumped, Passively Q-Switched Lasers

Cavity length dependence of mode beating in passively Q-switched Nd-solid state lasers.

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