“…Literature review 2.1 Knowledge co-creation and transfer approaches Knowledge co-creation and transfer are important aspects of knowledge acquisition, exchange and use. To implement knowledge co-creation and transfer approaches, training, awareness programs, noticeboards, internet services, distribution of pamphlets and newspapers, meetings, networking, training and seminars are important (Mwantimwa, 2020;Lwoga and Chigona, 2019;Mwantimwa et al, 2021;Ndimbwa et al, 2019Ndimbwa et al, , 2020Kaegi, 2015;Subramanian and Arivanandan, 2009;Kumaran, 2008;Hegde et al, 2007). In their attempt to understand how an MSSRF-ISRO VKC disseminates knowledge in Nagapattinam district in India, Kumaran (2008) noted that the center was networked with different partners and stakeholders to enhance knowledge and information transferring.…”