Scaling of Roughness in Silver Electrodeposition

Abstract

The electrodeposition of silver from thiosulfate solutions and its surface roughness are studied using scaling methods. Although silver electrodeposition from photographic fixing baths containing thiosulfate has been done successfully for many years, the vast majority of information about this process remains empirical. A comparison is made between plating silver from ammonium-and sodium-thiosulfate-containing solutions. Atomic force microscopy is used to study surface roughness, which is then analyzed by scaling methods. Silver electrodeposition from sodium-thiosulfate-containing solutions was found to be smoother than from ammonium-thiosulfate-containing solutions. The obtained scaling exponents, found after correction for local effects, depend strongly on the nature of the electrolyte; the growth exponents ␤ are 0.13 and 0.71 for sodium and ammonium thiosulfate solutions, respectively. Local effects are observed only for the sodium but not for the ammonium thiosulfate solution.

Anomalous scaling of iron thin film electrodeposited in a magnetic field

“…indicates the standard deviation of a for each iron film prepared at different deposition time. Metals electrodeposited onto a foreign substrate surfaces in the additive free solutions typically exhibit a value between 0.7 and 1.0, for example, Cu = 0.8-0.9 [17,19], Ag = 0.7 [20], Ni = 0.9 [21] and NiP = 1.0 [22]. The present value of a = 0.35-1.1 is in the range of these parameters.…”

Optical Transmission Properties and Electric Field Distribution of Interacting 2D Silver Nanorod Arrays

“…Silver was electrodeposited under potentiostatic control at a voltage of À0.3 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The electrolyte used consisted of AgBr (0.1 M), sodium sulfite (0.2 M) and sodium thiosulfate (0.25 M) in water [38].…”

Cu Surface Morphology Evolution during Electropolishing

“…This value of ␣ is predicted for electrodeposits exhibiting a three-dimensional ͑3D͒ columnar type of surface morphology, 13 which is commonly seen in electrodeposition experiments producing polycrystalline deposits. [14][15][16] For l Ն l C , the surface width is constant, having its saturation value of w sat Ϸ 340 ± 7 nm ͑Fig. 2͒.…”