1996
DOI: 10.1007/bf02932050
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Scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy for fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of biomaterials in air and liquid: Observation of recombinantEscherichia coli with gene coding to green fluorescent protein

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Cited by 20 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…45−49 However, the spatial resolution in a-SNOM is generally worse than in s-SNOM due to the reduction of collection efficiency with decreasing nanoscopic fiber aperture diameter. As a result, while ∼50 nm spatial resolution has been demonstrated at visible wavelengths, 47,49 only ∼1 μm spatial resolution has been achieved at infrared frequencies due to the longer wavelength and reduced fiber transmission. 48 Initial development of graphene-encapsulated liquid cells have allowed nanospectroscopic studies of aqueous samples using s-SNOM while circumventing the numerous issues of inliquid AFM operation.…”
Section: ■ Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…45−49 However, the spatial resolution in a-SNOM is generally worse than in s-SNOM due to the reduction of collection efficiency with decreasing nanoscopic fiber aperture diameter. As a result, while ∼50 nm spatial resolution has been demonstrated at visible wavelengths, 47,49 only ∼1 μm spatial resolution has been achieved at infrared frequencies due to the longer wavelength and reduced fiber transmission. 48 Initial development of graphene-encapsulated liquid cells have allowed nanospectroscopic studies of aqueous samples using s-SNOM while circumventing the numerous issues of inliquid AFM operation.…”
Section: ■ Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This work extends previous efforts of near-field imaging of biomolecules in liquid. Prior in-liquid applications of aperture-type scanning near-field optical microscopy ( a -SNOM) have minimized absorption by using tapered metallized optical fibers as local optical probes. However, the spatial resolution in a -SNOM is generally worse than in s -SNOM due to the reduction of collection efficiency with decreasing nanoscopic fiber aperture diameter. As a result, while ∼50 nm spatial resolution has been demonstrated at visible wavelengths, , only ∼1 μm spatial resolution has been achieved at infrared frequencies due to the longer wavelength and reduced fiber transmission …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is safely applicable for observation of soft samples with varying greatly in height. SNOAM may be also superior in liquid to other cyclic contact AFMs which use flat type cantilevers [181][182][183][184] because the optical-fiber cantilever of SNOAM is round, which helps to reduce the viscous resistance of the liquid. SNOAM is an excellent tool to observe biological materials because it simultaneously provides topographic and optical images with high resolution.…”
Section: Principle Of the Nano-diagnosis Based On The Snoammentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The feedback mechanism is based on the strong distance-dependence of evanescent waves, which decay exponentially above the surface. 207 There are a multitude of NSOM operation modes, including transmission/ illumination 208 and apertureless mode, 209 and also many styles of probes (e.g. an etched, metallic coated optical ber 210 ).…”
Section: Near-eld Scanning Optical Microscopy-atomic Force Microscop...mentioning
confidence: 99%