Scapular Avulsion Fracture of a High School Wrestler

Abstract

he overall incidence of scapular fractures is low, representing between 0.5 to 1% of all skeletal fractures and . %5% of shoulder girdle injuries (2,5,11). The vast majority of these fractures is the result of high velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents. The high degree of morbidity and mortality often associated with these injuries warrants immediate medical attention that obfuscates clinical presentation of scapular fractures (1,7,11,12). Blunt trauma results in scapular fractures in the athletic population as well, as depicted by Cain and Hamilton in their article detailing four p r e fessional football players who sustained fractures as a result of a direct blow (3).Indirect trauma accounts for less than 0.01% of all skeletal fractures and less than 2% of all scapula fractures (2). A classification system for avulsion fractures, such as site of fracture and mechanism of injury, does not exist due to the rarity of these injuries. Reports of avulsion fractures are therefore uncommon and usually confined to case studies. A mechanism proposed by Heyse-Moore and Stoker includes muscle contraction against a resisted force in the upper extremity, most commonly at the coracoid and acromiom (6). A proposed classification system by Heyse-Moore and Stoker is shown in the

An unusual cause of scapular winging following trauma in an army personnel

“…7 Indirect trauma resulting in avulsion scapular fractures has been described in such sportspersons as cricketers and baseball pitchers; but, these do not result in winging. [4][5][6] Other unusual patterns of direct and indirect scapular injury have been described without winging as a cosequence. 1,3,9 Hayes and Zehr 8 reported a post traumatic winging of scapula leading to weakness and easy tiring of the shoulder because of detachment of serratus anterior muscle from the border of the scapula.…”

A comparison of pediatric freestyle and Greco‐Roman wrestling injuries sustained during a 2006 US national tournament

“…Previous US wrestling injury research focused on folkstyle wrestling injuries occurring during tournament play (Strauss & Lanese, 1982; Kersey & Rowan, 1983), on specific injuries (Mysnyk et al, 1986; Stanish et al, 1986; Wroble & Albright, 1986; Wroble et al, 1986; Acikgoz et al, 1990; Mueller & Cantu, 1990; Giffin, 1992; Boden et al, 2002; Johnson, 2004; Boden & Prior, 2005; Lightfoot et al, 2005), or on unique cases (Berson, 1979; Cohn et al, 1986; Rontoyannis et al, 1988; Brindle & Coen, 1998). A few studies followed college (Snook, 1982; Jarret et al, 1998) or high school (Garrick & Requa, 1978; Hoffman & Powell, 1990; Beachy et al, 1997; Powell & Barber‐Foss, 1999; Pasque & Hewett, 2000; Comstock et al, 2006) wrestlers prospectively throughout one or more seasons.…”

Overlooked Fracture of the Inferior Scapular Angle Treated Conservatively

“…The patients' ages range from 13 to 70 years, indicating that ISA fracture may occur in any age. The ISA develops from the secondary ossification center, which appears at around 15–17 years of age and generally fuses by 23 years [13, 14]; hence, the possibility of epiphysiolysis cannot be excluded completely in four of the cases in which the patients were aged 20 years or less, including our case [8, 15, 16].…”

“…In most previous reports, ISA fracture was considered to be an avulsion fracture caused by the pull of the SA [8, 15, 17, 18]. However, diagnosis of avulsion fractures is based on the following vague criteria: (a) the absence of a history of violent direct trauma and (b) the anatomical location of the fractures in relation to scapular muscle attachments [8].…”