Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae: Stimulation of Acetabular Gland Secretion Is Adapted to the Chemical Composition of Mammalian Skin

Haas, Wilfried; Diekhoff, Dirk; Koch, Karin; Schmalfuss, Gerold; Loy, Christina

doi:10.2307/3284366

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In in vitro experiments, lipids from human skin surface fractions stimulated predominantly emptying of circumacetabular glands, whereas hydrophilic extracts stimulated mainly the secretion of postacetabular glands in S. mansoni. Glucosylceramides and phosphatidylcholine stimulated protease secretion by cercariae without provoking penetration behaviour (Haas et al 1997). In a bovid schistosome, Orientobilharzia turkestanica, free fatty acids of the skin act as exclusive chemical penetration stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro stimulation of penetration gland emptying by Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti (Schistosomatidae) cercariae. Quantitative collection and partial characterization of the products

et al. 2005

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Induction of penetration gland emptying by cercariae of the bird schistosomes Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti employing linoleic acid, linolenic acid, praziquantel and calcium ionophore A23187 showed that both postacetabular and circumacetabular cells released their content at chosen stimulant concentrations. The gland secretions consisted of soluble and insoluble parts. The former one adhering to the ground seemed to have different saccharide composition from the glands of Schistosoma mansoni. It bound labelled saccharides, thus exhibiting lectin-like activity. Protein profiles of the latter one were identical after stimulation by all four stimulants in T. szidati. The soluble secretions contained several proteolytic enzymes; 31 kDa and 33 kDa cysteine proteases were identified in E/S products of T. szidati and T. regenti, respectively. The circumacetabular glands contained a significant amount of calcium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the origin of E/S products after in vitro stimulation is in both penetration glands and tegumental structures. No crossreactivity was observed between the bird schistosomes and a serum raised against S. mansoni elastase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro stimulation of penetration gland emptying by Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti (Schistosomatidae) cercariae. Quantitative collection and partial characterization of the products

et al. 2005

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“…Exiting the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, cercariae locate a human host by thermal (2) and chemical (3) signals and rapidly penetrate the skin, entering the vascular system in the dermis (4). S. mansoni cercariae are ϳ150 m long and 70 m wide and require lysis of skin tissues to migrate into blood vessels.…”

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confidence: 99%

Schistosome Invasion of Human Skin and Degradation of Dermal Elastin Are Mediated by a Single Serine Protease

Salter

Lim

Hansell

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Aquatic larvae (cercariae) of the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni rapidly penetrate human skin by degrading host proteins including elastin. Two serine proteases, one chymotrypsin-like and the second trypsin-like, have been proposed to be involved. To evaluate the relative roles of these two proteases in larval invasion, both were purified, identified by sequence, and then biochemically characterized. The trypsin-like activity was resolved into two distinct serine proteases 76% similar in predicted amino acid sequence. Southern blot analysis, genomic polymerase chain reaction, and immunolocalization demonstrated that the trypsin-like proteases are in fact not from the schistosome, but are released with larvae from the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata. Invasion inhibition assays using selective inhibitors confirmed that the chymotrypsin-like protease is the enzyme involved in skin penetration. Its ability to degrade skin elastin was confirmed, and the three sites of cleavage within elastin help define a new family of elastases.Infection of a human host by the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni begins with invasion of intact skin by an aquatic larva, the cercaria (1). Exiting the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, cercariae locate a human host by thermal (2) and chemical (3) signals and rapidly penetrate the skin, entering the vascular system in the dermis (4). S. mansoni cercariae are ϳ150 m long and 70 m wide and require lysis of skin tissues to migrate into blood vessels. Host macromolecules representing barriers to cercarial invasion are known to be cleaved by proteolytic activities present in cercarial secretions. These include elastin (5); chondromucoprotein (6); keratin (7); fibronectin, laminin, and collagens IV and VIII (8). Two distinct serine proteases have been reported in extracts of cercariae or in secretions from cercariae induced upon contact with skin lipids. One is a "chymotrypsin-like" protease with a preference for large hydrophobic side chains at P1 (9). The second is a "trypsin-like" protease with a preference for positively charged side chains at P1 (10). The class of proteases responsible for host protein degradation has been demonstrated by several independent studies to be serine proteases (6), but the relative contributions to invasion of the trypsin-like or chymotrypsin-like proteases are not known.To analyze the relative contributions of each of these proteases to the degradation of host proteins, cercarial secretions were fractionated, and the two proteases purified. The trypsinlike activity, which had not been previously purified or sequenced, was purified, and a cDNA was cloned by reverse transcription-PCR 1 based on amino-terminal amino acid sequence. Specific inhibitors were identified to evaluate the role of each protease in skin invasion. Proteases were localized by immunohistochemistry, and specific sites of cleavage in elastin, the most protease-resistant target in host skin, were analyzed.

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“…Nature of the skin stimulus -The work of Haas et al (1997Haas et al ( , 2002 and Grabe and Haas (2004) provided insight as to the nature of the skin stimulus. At the epidermal surface, arginine, ceramides and linoleic acid stimulate Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of macromolecules by cercariae during skin penetration and transformation to schistosomula (Schistosoma mansoni)

Thornhill

Kusel

Oliviera

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Here, we observed the uptake of membrane-impermeant molecules by cercariae as they penetrate the skin and are transformed into schistosomula. We propose that membrane-impermeant molecules, Lucifer yellow, Propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 enter the parasite through both thenephridiopore and the surface membrane and then diffuse throughout the body of the parasite. We present a hypothesis that the internal cells of the body of the schistosomulum represent a new host-parasite interface, at which skin-derived growth factors may stimulate receptors on internal membranes during transformation of the cercariae into the schistosomulum.

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Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae: Stimulation of Acetabular Gland Secretion Is Adapted to the Chemical Composition of Mammalian Skin

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro stimulation of penetration gland emptying by Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti (Schistosomatidae) cercariae. Quantitative collection and partial characterization of the products

In vitro stimulation of penetration gland emptying by Trichobilharzia szidati and T. regenti (Schistosomatidae) cercariae. Quantitative collection and partial characterization of the products

Schistosome Invasion of Human Skin and Degradation of Dermal Elastin Are Mediated by a Single Serine Protease

Uptake of macromolecules by cercariae during skin penetration and transformation to schistosomula (Schistosoma mansoni)

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