Schizandrin ameliorates ovariectomy‐induced memory impairment, potentiates neurotransmission and exhibits antioxidant properties

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSESchizandrin (SCH) has been reported to prevent or reduce learning and memory defects. However, it is not known whether SCH ameliorates cognitive impairments induced by oestrogen deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SCH on memory in ovariectomized (OVX) and non-OVX rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHA passive avoidance test was used to evaluate the effect of SCH on memory. Field EPSPs were recorded in hippocampal slices using an electrophysiological method. In OVX rats, biochemical parameters in the bilateral hippocampus were measured; these included superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and AChE. Also, the number of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive neurons was counted by NADPH-d histochemistry staining technique. KEY RESULTSOral SCH improved the memory and facilitated the induction of long-term potentiation in non-OVX and OVX rats; this effect was more obvious in OVX rats. Similarly, SCH perfusion enhanced synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from both non-OVX and OVX rats. However, SCH perfusion reduced the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation only in OVX but not in non-OVX rats. In addition, SCH decreased AChE activity and MDA level and increased SOD activity and the number of NADPH-d-positive neurons in OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSSCH improves memory in OVX rats and its potential mechanisms may include a reduction in the loss of hippocampal NADPH-d positive neurons, an increase of antioxidant properties and a potentiation of synaptic transmission that possibly involves to enhance cholinergic function. Overall, our findings indicate that SCH has potential as a therapeutic strategy for the cognitive dysfunctions associated with the menopause.

Schisandrol A protects AGEs-induced neuronal cells death by allosterically targeting ATP6V0d1 subunit of V-ATPase

“…Moreover, SolA exerts anti-inflammatory effect and ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease rats 27 . Besides, SolA improves cognitive function in ovariectomized rats 28 and reverses scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice by enhancing cholinergic function 29 , 30 . Furthermore, SolA functions as sedative and hypnotic agent by modifying pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors 31 .…”

Schizandrin protects H9c2 cells against lipopolysaccharide‐induced injury by downregulating Smad3

“…We additionally found that pretreatment with schizandrin could prevent H9c2 cells against an LPS‐induced inflammatory response. Actually, schizandrin has been involved in recent in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies suggesting a protective effect in various pathological models including APP/PS1 transgenic mice, chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice, ovariectomized (OVX) and non‐OVX rats, TGF‐β1‐stimulated AML12 cells, and cisplatin‐stimulated HK‐2 cells . Our findings for the first time demonstrated that schizandrin could prevent LPS‐induced cell damage by influencing the release of inflammatory cytokines.…”

“…Baill include schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin, γ‐schizandrin, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, rubschisantherin, schisanhenol acetate, and so forth. Schizandrin (C 24 H 32 O 7 ) is one of the major bioactive constituents with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. While it has been reported to have treating capacities in many inflammation‐linked diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and periodontitis, its potential in bacterial myocarditis is still unclear.…”

Cordycepin Ameliorates Synaptic Dysfunction and Dendrite Morphology Damage of Hippocampal CA1 via A1R in Cerebral Ischemia

“…The method of hippocampal slices preparation was performed as described previously (Jiang et al, 2015). Briefly, the brains of the mice were removed quickly and placed in the icecold artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) with the following composition (mM): 117 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 1.2 NaH 2 PO 4 •2H 2 O, 25 NaHCO 3 , 11 D-Glucose, 5 MgSO 4 •7H 2 O, 2.5 CaCl 2 bubbled with 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 (pH 7.35-7.45).…”