CE with a boron‐doped diamond electrode for trace detection of endocrine disruptors in water samples

Abstract

Off-line SPE and CE coupled with electrochemical detection have been used for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F, 4-ethylphenol, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in bottled drinking water. The use of boron-doped diamond electrode as an electrochemical detector in amperometric mode that provides a favorable analytical performance for detecting these endocrine-disrupting compounds, such as lower noise levels, higher peak resolution with enhanced sensitivity, and improved resistance against electrode passivation. The oxidative electrochemical detection of the endocrine-disrupting compounds was accomplished by boron-doped diamond electrode poised at +1.4 V versus Ag/AgCl without electrode pretreatment. An off-line SPE procedure (Bond Elut® C18 SPE cartridge) was utilized to extract and preconcentrate the compounds prior to separation and detection. The minimum concentration detectable for all four compounds ranged from 0.01 to 0.06 μM, having S/N equal to three. After exposing the plastic bottle water container under sunlight for 7 days, the estimated concentration of BPA in the bottled drinking water was estimated to be 0.03 μM. This proposed approach has great potential for rapid and effective determination of BPA content present in water packaging of plastic bottles that have been exposed to sunlight for an extended period of time.

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics

“…The application of DLLME with CZE‐UV allowed the analysis BPA in real samples, with little matrix interference. In addition to these improvements in sample preparation of BPA, a new CZE‐AD method proved to be a good alternative for the analysis of this EDC in drinking water . In this procedure, samples were prepared using an off‐line SPE method and a boron‐doped diamond electrode was used as an electrochemical detector that provided a favorable analytical performance for detecting BPA and other three EDCs (bisphenol F, 4‐ethylphenol, and bisphenol A diglycidylether).…”

DPV and SWV Determination of Estrone Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

“…Hence, there is an increased need of developing new analytical tools to facilitate the routine analysis of EDCs in complex matrices, such as biological and environmental ones. Currently, there are several analytical techniques available for the detection of phenolic estrogenic compounds, such as mass spectrometry 12–19, coupled or not with liquid or gas chromatography, HPLC 20–24, and UV‐vis spectroscopy or capillary electrophoresis 25,26. They have been successfully employed to detect phenolic estrogen compounds at low levels in water, wastewater, effluents, and biological samples.…”

Multidimensional carbon allotropes as electrochemical detectors in capillary and microchip electrophoresis

“…The development of the separation of bisphenol A, F, 4ethylphenol, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether by CE using a BDD electrode was explored [93]. The development of the separation of bisphenol A, F, 4ethylphenol, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether by CE using a BDD electrode was explored [93].…”