Sea level anomalies in straits of Malacca and Singapore

Numerical Simulation of Currents and Volume Transport in the Malacca Strait and Part of South China Sea

“…Also, the NE wind in the northern part of MS (2 m/s) causes a low SSH in the northern part of MS. These results are following Tay et al [12] who reported that monsoon changes produce a sea surface anomalies in MS, where the sea surfaces of the Andaman Sea are lower in January (NE monsoon) and high in July (SW monsoon), April, and October (intermonsoon). Thus, NE monsoon is essential to the distribution of SSH in the northern part of MS.…”

“…According to Wyrtki [11], most of the year, the sea surface height in southern MS is higher than in northern MS. Furthermore, Tay et al [12] concluded that an anomaly of the sea surface in MS is determined by the monsoon.…”

Improving Water Level Forecast of an Oceanographic Model in Malacca Strait Based on Data-Driven Open Boundary Correction

“…Details of tidal calibration and representation of model is described by (Tay et al, 2013). 6-hourly 0.75 degree horizontal resolution surface wind and pressure fields obtained from ECMWF ERA-Interim database (www.ecmwf.int) are applied to the model to generate non-tidal barotropic flow in the model domain (Kurniawan et al, 2015;Tay et al, 2016).…”

“…Geographically located between Andaman Sea and South China Sea, water levels in Malacca Strait are indirectly driven by tide and hydrodynamic components from the two oceans: Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Figure 1). Numerical models such as (Kurniawan et al, 2011, 2015, Tay et al, 2013, 2016 have represented tidal and non-tidal flows well in the strait. As the demand of real-time forecasting is getting higher, data assimilation techniques have been attempted in earlier studies to improve water level forecast from numerical model (Babovic and Keijzer, 2000;Sannasiraj et al, 2004;Babovic, 2009;Wang and Babovic, 2014;Wang, Babovic and Li, 2017).…”

“…The flow pattern has to be simulated by a physics-based numerical model. Tay et al (Tay et al, 2016) have shown that superimposing satellite altimetry derived Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) on tidally prescribed open boundary of model have significantly improved the water level representation in Malacca Strait. The simulated hydrodynamic also showed a seasonal volume transport through Malacca Strait and Singapore Strait.…”