Searching evidences of stroke in animal models: a review of discrepancies

Kaya, Ahmet Hilmi; Erdoğan, Hakan; Taşdemiroğlu, Erol

doi:10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.15373-15.2

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One of the models for global ischemic brains is transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO). The tBCCAO has a higher significance than other ischemic models, mainly because its induced mortality rate is lower than that of focal ischemic brain models (MCAO) (Kaya et al, 2016). Also, it can be used to explain some ischemic condition in humans, such as ischemia caused by a heart attack, diabetes, or vascular dementia (Sanderson and Wider, 2013;Barbhuiya et al, 2015;Traystman, 2003;Kim et al, 2008;van der Spuy et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P53 expression in ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine

et al. 2020

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Ketamine and ketamine-xylazine are often used as anesthetic drugs in animal models of ischemia. However, their neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in ischemic animal models that have undergone tBCCAO are still under debate. The protein p53 is a pro-apoptotic factor involved in the cellular mechanism of ischemia. The interaction between death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK 1) and p53 is fundamental in determining whether cells experience necrosis or apoptosis in an ischemic stroke. This study was purposed to identify the presence or absence of differences between the p53 expressions in the brains of tBCCAO-induced ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine. It employed a post-test control group design with four groups of adult male Wistar rats as the subject: (1) sham group operated with ketamine, (2) sham group operated with ketamine-xylazine, (3) models of tBCCAO-induced ischemia with ketamine, and (4) models of tBCCAO-induced ischemia with ketamine-xylazine. Ketamine was administered at the dose of 75mg/kg BW, while xylazine was at 8 mg/kg BW. The expression of p53 in rat brains was assessed by semi-quantification, specifically IHC staining with anti-p53 antibodies. P53 expression appeared as brownish stains in the cytoplasm of forebrain pyramidal neurons, and in this study, it was measured using the Allred score. The ANOVA test yielded a p-value of >0.05, implying the absence of difference between the p53 expressions in the brains of tBCCAO-induced ischemic rat models receiving ketamine and ketamine-xylazine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P53 expression in ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine

et al. 2020

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“…A good experimental animal model is important to support the success of research on disease pathogenesis and drug development, including research in the field of neurological diseases. However, several systematic reviews suggest that the successful use of drugs for nervous system protection in the experimental model was not confirmed by the stage III of clinical trials [1][2][3] . Of 700 types of drugs used in the brain ischemia model, only recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and aspirin have efficacy 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (tBCCAO) of Rats as a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia

Handayani

Susilowati

Setyopranoto

et al. 2019

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Background: Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) has been performed in rats as a model of global ischemia. However, the technique varied between laboratories and produced difficulties in the comparison of results. Variations such as rat strain, age, ischemic and reperfusion duration could affect the results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the variation of animal strains, duration of tBCCAO, reported cerebral ischemic area produced by tBCCAO, use of TTC staining for measurement of volume of brain ischemia and functional neurological tests. Method: The data of this review were obtained from abstracts in PubMed database and Google Scholars and were not limited by publication time. Keywords used to search the abstracts were (BCCAO OR “bilateral common carotid artery occlusion” OR “stroke” OR “cerebral ischemia” OR “brain ischemia”) AND (rat OR rats). The research method of each study was identified from the collected abstracts. The abstracts were chosen for further study on the basis that they met the inclusion criteria which were English language articles; original research article; animal model used were adolescent, adult, and elderly rats; ischemic finding in rats’ cerebrum by BCCAO technique was presented; ischemic size were assessed and the result was described; studies that had control group; and studies that induced transient global ischemic to the rats’ cerebrum. Data that were extracted to the datasheet were references; animal model strain; ischemic duration; reperfusion duration; ischemic area; 2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining; Cavalieri method; and rats’ neurological functional tests. Results and Conclusions: There were differences in the ischemic area between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after transient BCCAO. There were differences in the TTC staining solution concentration that was used to identify ischemic area of the brain following transient BCCAO. There was a very limited number of studies using Cavalieri method for the quantification of ischemic volume of rats’ brain after transient BCCAO. Neurological functional tests in animal models post transient BCCAO did not include sensory and memory functions tests. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.491-500

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“…Currently, most in vivo studies are carried out on such models as middle cerebral artery occlusion or a threadocclusion method by nylon strand introduction into the middle cerebral artery [5][6][7]. These models are able to create a focal ischemic injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptive Role of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Cerebral Ischemia

Митрошина¹,

Abogessimengane²,

Urazov³

et al. 2017

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on animals' resistance to cerebral-ischemia-induced damage.Materials and Methods. In vivo studies were carried out on C3H male mice weighing 18-40 g. Ischemia modeling was performed by bilateral irreversible occlusion of both carotid arteries. A neurological status as well as an orientative-exploratory behavior of experimental animals and their learning capability in the post-ischemic period were analyzed by using "Open field" and "Passive avoidance" tests. In addition, high-resolution respirometer Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros, Austria) was applied to study an oxygen uptake rate of brain mitochondria in ischemic conditions.Results. GDNF application in bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries was found to contribute to the neurological status recovery. Moreover, it normalizes oxygen uptake rate of mitochondria in the post-ischemic period.Conclusion. GDNF has a marked neuroprotective and antihypoxic effect under ischemia modeling in vivo.Key words: glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF; neuroprotection; cerebral ischemia. During several years the number of ischemic brain injury incidents has been dramatically increased, that determines topical and socially important issue for modern neurology and neuroscience. The consequences of cerebral ischemia are directly related to memory and neurological status deteriorations as well as to impairment of learning capabilities and cognitive functions. Therefore, the development of modern techniques to effectively protect the nervous system from those damaging effects is urgently needed. A promising approach to improve adaptive capabilities of nervous system supposed to the activation of endogenous systems promoting the survival of nervous cells under stress factors and maintenance their functional activity. The use of neurotrophic factors such as glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is of special interest. These proteins are attracted of scientists' attention because of their possibilities to regulate neurogenesis and the functioning of the nervous cells not only in early ontogenesis, but also in an adult brain. Moreover, they are involved in the processes of synapses formation, and have a pronounced effect on growth Biomedical investigations

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Searching evidences of stroke in animal models: a review of discrepancies

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

P53 expression in ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine

P53 expression in ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine

Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (tBCCAO) of Rats as a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia

Adaptive Role of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Cerebral Ischemia

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