Background <br />Stress induces neuronal cell damage in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Propolis has a neuroprotective effect that can inhibit apoptosis and decrease neuronal cell count. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis on neuronal cell count in hippocampal area CA1 and prefrontal cortex in Sprague Dawley rats with induced stress.<br /><br />Methods<br />A study of laboratory experimental design was conducted involving 24 male Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. controls (K), and stress groups P1, P2 and P3. Controls did not receive treatment, stress group (P1) received stress treatment, groups P2 and P3 received stress and propolis at 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively. Stress and propolis were given for 14 days, followed by termination. The number of neurons in the hippocampal area CA1 and prefrontal cortex were counted. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results <br />The neuronal count in the hippocampal area CA1 and prefrontal cortex in the stress group (P1) was lower than in groups K, P2 and P3. There were significant differences in the neuronal count of the hippocampal area CA1 between P1 and P3 and P1 and K (p=0.019) and also in the neuronal count of the prefrontal cortex between P1 and P2, P3 and K (p=0.002).<br /><br />Conclusions <br />This study strongly suggest that propolis inhibits the decrease in neuronal count in in the hippocampal area CA1 and prefrontal cortex of Sprague Dawley rats with induced stress. The present study suggests a potential neuroprotective effect of propolis in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.

BACKGROUNDThere are people in Yogyakarta, who use black sugarcane decoction (BSD) to prevent stroke. BSD contains policosanol and antioxidants. It has been proven that policosanol can reduce global ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. This study aims to evaluate the effect of BSD on brain ischemia in a rat stroke model.

Background:Black sugarcane contains policosanol, quercetin antioxidant and 14-3-3 protein. These compounds are proven in a pre-clinical test of their ability to reduce brain ischemia. There are no pre-clinic test that prove the neuro-protectant act of black sugarcane extract on ischemia-induced rats, and how its mechanism to protect brain is not yet clear. This study’s purpose is to find the effect of ethanol extract of black sugarcane (BSEE) towards brains’ ischemic volume and to find is there any Bax role on the BSEE’s neuroprotectant mechanism.Methods: This study used fifteen male rats (Wistar). The rats were divided into three groups: group A that had been induced with BCCAO and received BSSE (group A), the rats that had been induced with BCCAO (group B), and sham group (group C). BSEE were given for a week, before bilateral ligation of common carotid artery. The BCCAO duration is 20 minutes, reperfusion periods of 2 hours. Rats’ head decapitation is done two hours after ligation. Brain tissues were colored with TTC. Ischemic brain area were analyzed using Image I software. Bax’ expression scoring was done in the brain preparations with immonohistochemical with Anti-Bax antibody. Anti-Bax proteins were anylized using ALLRED Score, while the statistic analyzing was done with One Way ANOVA.Results: There is a difference of ischemia volume’s mean (p=0,018) and bax protein expression (p=0,013) on the rats brain.Conclusion: BSEE is able to reduce ischemia volume and Bax protein expression on the rats’ brain.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 02 April’20 Page : 102-108

Latar belakang -Anatomi merupakan ilmu dasar yang sangat penting bagi mahasiswa kedokteran. Walaupun pengajaran anatomi telah diselenggarakan pada semester awal, namun pada praktek klinik, mahasiswa kesulitan untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu ini pada suatu kasus. Untuk itu kombinasi metode yaitu recalling melalui minikuis disertai kasus klinik (applied and clinical question) sangat urgen.

Latar belakang: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) merupakan neurotrophin yang disekresi oleh dendrit. BDNF berperan pada diferensiasi, maturasi dan menjaga survival neuron. BDNF juga berperan penting pada neuroplastisitas, learning and memory. Ekspresi BDNF menurun pada kondisi stres. Propolis mengandung chyrisin yang memiliki efek antioksidan dan neuroprotektan. Penelitian ini ingin melihat efek propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF pada hippocampus tikus yang diinduksi stres.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF di hippocampus pada tikus yang diinduksi stres.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan posttest only control group design. Subjek penelitian ini tikus Rattus norvegicus jantan, berumur 4 bulan dengan berat badan 200-300 gram dari galur Spraque-Dawley. Tikus dibagi secara random menjadi 5 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok  N tidak mendapat perlakuan. Kelompok K mendapat perlakuan stres, kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 mendapat perlakuan stres dan pemberian propolis dosis 100, 150 dan 200 mg/kgbb/hari. Perlakuan stres  menggunakan model stres isolasi sosial. Pemberian propolis secara oral menggunakan sonde.  Perlakuan stres dan pemberian propolis selama 14 hari. Hari ke-15 dilakukan terminasi dan pengambilan jaringan otak. Selanjutnya dilakuakan pembuatan sediaan histologis dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi anti BDNF. Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 1000 kali pada area CA1 hippocampus.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan ekspresi BDNF di area CA1 hippocampus pada semua kelompok (p. 0.000). Ekspresi BDNF tertinggi pada kelompok P3. Ekspresi terendah pada kelompok K. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF pada hippocampus tikus yang diinduksi stres. Dosis propolis 100,150 dan 200mg/kgbb meningkatkan ekspresi BDNF.