Seasonal Abundance and Bloodfeeding Activity of Anopheles dirus Sensu Lato in Western Thailand

Sungvornyothin, Sungsit; Kongmee, Monthathip; Muenvorn, Vithee; Polsomboon, Suppaluck; Bangs, Michael J.; Prabaripai, Atchariya; Tantakom, Siripun; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap

doi:10.2987/09-5907.1

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…harrisoni will allow avoidance of the insecticide through outdoor biting as village people are still active outdoors at these times and even if indoors prior to 9 pm are not likely to be protected by a bed net. Similar early night feeding behaviour of these species has been noted in other parts of their range [22,23,36,37]. In Thailand there is evidence that these four species all show a pronounced excito-repellency response to DDT and pyrethroids [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam

Manh

Beebe

Van

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria is still prevalent in rural communities of central Vietnam even though, due to deforestation, the primary vector Anopheles dirus is uncommon. In these situations little is known about the secondary vectors which are responsible for maintaining transmission. Basic information on the identification of the species in these rural communities is required so that transmission parameters, such as ecology, behaviour and vectorial status can be assigned to the appropriate species.MethodsIn two rural villages - Khe Ngang and Hang Chuon - in Truong Xuan Commune, Quang Binh Province, north central Vietnam, a series of longitudinal entomological surveys were conducted during the wet and dry seasons from 2003 - 2007. In these surveys anopheline mosquitoes were collected in human landing catches, paired human and animal bait collections, and from larval surveys. Specimens belonging to species complexes were identified by PCR and sequence analysis, incrimination of vectors was by detection of circumsporozoite protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsOver 80% of the anopheline fauna was made up of Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles harrisoni, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles sawadwongporni, and Anopheles philippinensis. PCR and sequence analysis resolved identification issues in the Funestus Group, Maculatus Group, Hyrcanus Group and Dirus Complex. Most species were zoophilic and while all species could be collected biting humans significantly higher densities were attracted to cattle and buffalo. Anopheles dirus was the most anthropophilic species but was uncommon making up only 1.24% of all anophelines collected. Anopheles sinensis, An. aconitus, An. harrisoni, An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni, Anopheles peditaeniatus and An. philippinensis were all found positive for circumsporozoite protein. Heterogeneity in oviposition site preference between species enabled vector densities to be high in both the wet and dry seasons allowing for year round transmission.ConclusionsIn rural communities in north central Vietnam, malaria transmission was maintained by a number of anopheline species which though collected feeding on humans were predominantly zoophilic, this behaviour allows for low level but persistent malaria transmission. The important animal baits - cattle and buffalo - were kept in the village and barrier spraying around these animals may be more effective at reducing vector densities and longevity than the currently used indoor residual spraying.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam

Manh

Beebe

Van

et al. 2010

Malar J

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“…dirus mosquitoes also belong to the Leucosphyrus group and have been identified as potential vectors for P. knowlesi in Vietnam ( 31 ), this vector species has drastically decreased in abundance in all major malaria-endemic areas of Thailand during the past decade (C. Putaporntip et al, unpub. data), although feeding patterns of these mosquitoes are zoonotic rather than anthropophilic in certain areas ( 32 ). Therefore, transmission of P. knowlesi to humans could be limited and distinct from transmission by other species that cause malaria in humans in Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium knowlesiMalaria in Humans and Macaques, Thailand

Jongwutiwes¹,

Buppan²,

Kosuvin³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

112

114

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“…Indoor and outdoor HLC took place for 45 min each hour. Outdoor CBC was conducted by a separate team of two collectors, for 15 min each hour following the methods of Sungvornyothin et al [25]. The CBC involved placing a single adult cow under a clean (untreated) cotton bed net measuring 3.6 m x 3.3 m x 2.0 m (L:W:H) with the net suspended 30 cm above the ground level to allow mosquitoes access inside.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host feeding patterns and preference of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western Thailand: baseline site description

et al. 2012

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BackgroundHost feeding patterns of Anopheles minimus in relation to ambient environmental conditions were observed during a 2-year period at Tum Sua Village, located in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, in western Thailand, where An. minimus is found in abundance and regarded as the most predominant malaria vector species. Detailed information on mosquito behavior is important for understanding the epidemiology of disease transmission and developing more effective and efficient vector control methods.MethodsAdult mosquitoes were collected every 2 months for two consecutive nights from 1800 to 0600 hrs. Three collection methods were used; indoor human-landing collections (HLC), outdoor HLC, and outdoor cattle-bait collections (CBC).ResultsA total of 7,663 female Anopheles mosquitoes were collected of which 5,392 were identified as members of 3 different species complexes, the most prevalent being Anopheles minimus complex (50.36%), followed by Anopheles maculatus complex (19.68%) and Anopheles dirus complex (0.33%). An. minimus s.s. comprised virtually all (> 99.8 percent) of Minimus Complex species captured. Blood feeding behavior of An. minimus was more pronounced during the second half of the evening, showing a slight preference to blood feed outdoors (~60%) versus inside structures. Significantly (P < 0.0001) more An. minimus were collected from human-baited methods compared with a tethered cow, indicating a more anthropophilic feeding behavior. Although a significant difference in total number of mosquitoes from the HLC was recorded between the first and second year, the mean biting frequency over the course of the evening hours remained similar.ConclusionsThe Human landing activity of An. minimus in Tum Sua Village showed a stronger preference/attraction for humans compared to a cow-baited collection method. This study supports the incrimination of An. minimus as the primary malaria vector in the area. A better understanding of mosquito behavior related to host preference, and the temporal and spatial blood feeding activity will help facilitate the design of vector control strategies and effectiveness of vector control management programs in Thailand.

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Seasonal Abundance and Bloodfeeding Activity of Anopheles dirus Sensu Lato in Western Thailand

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam

Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam

Plasmodium knowlesiMalaria in Humans and Macaques, Thailand

Host feeding patterns and preference of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western Thailand: baseline site description

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