Seasonal Adjustment of Employment to Demand and Revenues in Tourist Hotels During Expansion and Stagnation

Seasonality and Flexible Labor in Resorts: Organizations, Employees, and Local Labor Markets

“…Contingency labor has been identified as a solution to the organizational problem of seasonality (Krakover 1998(Krakover , 2000a. But the Ali'i resorts did not rely exclusively on contingent employees to handle their seasonally fluctuating labor needs.…”

“…Full-timers were asked to work additional days, beyond their 40 hours, and to help out with turndowns as well. Krakover (1998) noted this as a way fulltime employees looked forward to earning overtime pay during peak seasons. Nilda, a Filipino housekeeper in her forties at the Kahana Surf, told us, ''Full-time housekeepers are supposed to work five days a week.…”

“…Depending on the department and season, casual and part-time employees' hours were cut or completely eliminated. 13 As Krakover (1998) noted, employees were released from the outward periphery inwards. Banquet employees expected to be laid off, and figured this into their earnings cycle.…”

“…Seasonality represents a noteworthy management issue because some destinations have widely fluctuating tourist periods in which profits must be realized in a compressed timespan, capital investments lie dormant for long periods, and resources vary widely between low levels of use and operation at overcapacity (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert, and Wanhill 1993). While capital investments cannot be adjusted seasonally, it becomes imperative to the cost-effectiveness of resorts to be flexible enough to shave labor expenditures during slow periods and to boost staff levels during busy ones (Krakover 1998(Krakover , 2000a(Krakover , 2000b. 1 Resorts, as organizational entities, foster such employee fluctuation.…”

Employment experiences of Polish migrant workers in the UK hospitality sector

“…Seasonality is perceived as a major challenge for the industry (Hinch & Jackson, 2000;Asworth & Thomas, 1999;Krakover, 2000a;2000b;Lee-Ross, 1999;Duvall, 2004;Jolliffe & Farnsworth, 2003;Lundtrop, Rassing, & Wanhill, 1999). It creates a wide variety of complications such as huge turnover and ebbs and flows of temporary labour.…”