Seasonal and periodic rhythmicity of respiratory infections in small ruminants

Muheet,; Malik, H. U.; Parray, Oveas Rafiq; Bhat, Riyaz Ahmed; Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal

doi:10.1080/09291016.2019.1576283

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a recent clinical study, respiratory infections were the second most frequent cases of sheep received at the Mosul’ Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Dahl et al., 2021), which can explain the high percentage of lesions in sheep carcasses identified as pneumonia in the current study. The stressful environment, that is, hot and dry environment in the summer and the cold and rainy environment in the winter, can decrease the immunity of the animals and may increase the odds of development of respiratory infections (Muheet et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq

Jwher

Dahl

Saeed

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Slaughterhouses can provide valuable information about animal diseases and their epidemiology. Objectives The current study was designed to examine the health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul abattoir, Iraq. Methods Mosul abattoir records for sheep slaughtered between 2011 and 2013 were considered for inclusion in this study. The direct financial loss due to liver and lung lesions was estimated considering the average number of slaughtered sheep per year, the average percentage of liver lesions per year, and the average percentage of lung lesions per year. Monetary values of the liver and lung were obtained from local butcheries. Results The analysis indicated that the percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year was 6.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Hydatid cyst followed by hepatitis was the most frequent lesions identified in the liver, while pneumonia then hydatid cyst were detected in the lung, followed by worms, abscess, and miscellaneous lesions. Hydatid cyst was the most frequently observed lesions. The average total loss was 35,232 USD per year (mostly due to liver lesions), with ±7046 USD sensitivity to the price change. Conclusions The percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year is not negligible and can cause considerable economic losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq

Jwher

Dahl

Saeed

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…CCPP is a respiratory infectious disease that causes significant economic loss to goat farmers [4,5,23]. Approximately 507 million US dollars are lost yearly in endemic areas due to morbidity, mortality, and loss of production, in addition to costs involved in the prevention, control, and treatment [4,14].…”

Section: Need For Ccpp Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

et al. 2019

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Exploration of novel candidates for vaccine development against Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), has recently gained immense importance due to both the increased number of outbreaks and the alarming risk of transboundary spread of disease. Treatment by antibiotics as the only therapeutic strategy is not a viable option due to pathogen persistence, economic issues, and concerns of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prophylactics or vaccines are becoming important under the current scenario. For quite some time inactivated, killed, or attenuated vaccines proved to be beneficial and provided good immunity up to a year. However, their adverse effects and requirement for larger doses led to the need for production of large quantities of Mccp. This is challenging because the required culture medium is costly and Mycoplasma growth is fastidious and slow. Furthermore, quality control is always an issue with such vaccines. Currently, novel candidate antigens including capsular polysaccharides (CPS), proteins, enzymes, and genes are being evaluated for potential use as vaccines. These have shown potential immunogenicity with promising results in eliciting protective immune responses. Being easy to produce, specific, effective and free from side effects, these novel vaccine candidates can revolutionize vaccination against CCPP. Use of novel proteomic approaches, including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectroscopy, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), bioinformatics, computerized simulation and genomic approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, next-generation sequencing, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), gene expression, and recombinant expression, will further enable recognition of ideal antigenic proteins and virulence genes with vaccination potential.

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“…Seasonal and periodic rhythmicity of many pathogenic organisms or diseases affecting small ruminant species including ovine and caprine species has been noted (Muheet et al, 2019;Yatoo et al, 2019a). These rhythms reflect constant presence of the pathogens and usual occurrence of the disease in hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rhythms reflect constant presence of the pathogens and usual occurrence of the disease in hosts. This helps in understanding the biological rhythms of host-pathogen-environment interaction thereby devising the appropriate management strategies for better health of ovine and caprine species including sheep and goats (Muheet et al, 2019;Yatoo et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Rhythmicity of Contagious Ecthyma in Small Ruminants

Nazir¹,

Yatoo²,

Bashir³

et al. 2023

JLivestSci

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Small ruminant species including ovine and caprine species are vulnerable to seasonal and periodic rhythmicity of many pathogenic organisms or diseases. However, such a study on contagious ecthyma was lacking until recently we explored the seasonal and periodic occurrence of this important contagious and zoonotic disease affecting sheep, goats and many other species of wild ruminants. Outbreaks (N=12) of contagious ecthyma were investigated from ovine and caprine species during November, 2016 to May, 2017. Descriptive epidemiology was studied with respect to various host-and environment-related factors. Seasonal occurrence was more in spring (29.33 %) compared to winter (3.05 %). Time-related occurrence of the disease revealed maximum number of cases in April (56.1 %) and minimum during February (2.0 %). Age related occurrence showed that lambs and kids of < 3 months of age were more affected compared to > 3 month old animals (74.9 % versus 25.1 %). Variation in spatial distribution was noted when the other host-pathogen-environment factors did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The overall morbidity, mortality and case-fatality rates observed were 7.23 %, 0.42 % and 5.8 % respectively. From this study it can be inferred that contagious ecthyma has seasonal and periodic rhythmicity in ovine and caprine species.

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Seasonal and periodic rhythmicity of respiratory infections in small ruminants

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq

Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq

Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)—Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Seasonal Rhythmicity of Contagious Ecthyma in Small Ruminants

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