Seasonal Expression of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor in the Scented Gland of Male Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Zhang, Fengwei; Qian, Liying; Wang, Ziyi; Xie, Wenlian; Sheng, Xia; Zhang, Haolin; Yuan, Zhengrong; Han, Yingying; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16973-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The musk gland is a unique organ of FMD, which can synthesize and secrete musk, and it is synchronized with the development of testis (FUCHS 2016). As previously reported, adult male FMD can secrete musk during the breeding season, and the secretions need to enter the musk gland sachet, and immature musk in the capsule takes about two months to mature (ZHANG et al 2017;CHEN et al 2018;LV et al 2022). The four-month-old forest musk gland is still developing, and at the same time, it does not have the function of secreting musk, nor does it lack the well-developed musk gland sachet that contains musk (Supplementary Data S1 A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The musk gland is a unique organ of FMD, which can synthesize and secrete musk, and it is synchronized with the development of testis (F uchs 2016). As previously reported, adult male FMD can secrete musk during the breeding season, and the secretions need to enter the musk gland sachet, and immature musk in the capsule takes about two months to mature (Z hang et al . 2017; C hen et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Genetic and histological correlation between the musk gland and skin of Chinese forest musk deer

Dong

Cao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Chinese forest musk deer (FMD,Moschus berezovskii) glands have the ability to secrete musk, which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season. Sebaceous glands (SGs) are exocrine skin glands associated with hair follicles that continuously release a mixture of sebum, lipids and cellular debris, by holocrine secretion. Both the musk gland and the skin tissues of the FMD contain abundant sebaceous glands, andSox9,Caveolin1, andAndrogen receptor(AR) are all involved in the regulation of sebum secretion by the sebaceous glands. However, there are fewer studies on the correlation between skin and musk gland and the expression ofSox9,Caveolin1, andARin the musk gland and skin tissue of FMD. To address this gap, we analyzed biochemical data from FMD skin tissues and musk glands using transcriptomic data, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), tissue dissection, and RT-qPCR. Anatomical results show that only adult male FMD had complete glandular part and sachets, while 4-month-old FMD do not have well-developed sachets. Transcriptomic data showed that 88.24% of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues of FMD. The WB, IHC, and RT-qPCR results showed that the genes involved in regulating sebum secretion,Sox9,Caveolin1, andARwere expressed in the skin tissues and musk glands. In summary, skin tissues and musk gland tissue have a strong correlation, andSox9,Caveolin1, andARmay play important roles in skin tissues and musk gland tissue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Genetic and histological correlation between the musk gland and skin of Chinese forest musk deer

Dong

Cao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In the breeding season, the weight and size of the scented glands were significantly increased, which established the basis for the secretion and storage of the scented glands and also was consisted with observations obtained previously in our laboratory. 23,25,35,36 Correspondingly, the increased PRL levels in the circulation and the scented gland with the long-day period as well as the more glandular cells number and higher density of the epithelial cells were found during the breeding season, which implied that the increased circulating and/or local PRL in the scented glands might be involved in the enlarged scented gland and musk secretion during the breeding season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seasonal expressions of prolactin, prolactin receptor and STAT5 in the scented glands of the male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

et al. 2019

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Prolactin (PRL) production in mammals has been demonstrated in extrapituitary gland, which can activate autocrine/ paracrine signaling pathways to regulate physiological activity. In the current study, we characterized the gene expression profiles of PRL, prolactin receptor (PRLR) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the scented glandular tissues of the muskrats, to further elucidate the relationship between PRL and the scented glandular functions of the muskrats. The weight and volume of the scented glands in the breeding season were significantly higher than those of the non-breeding season. Immunohistochemical data showed that PRL, PRLR and STAT5/phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) were found in the glandular and epithelial cells of the scented glands in both seasons. Furthermore, we found that PRL, PRLR and STAT5 had higher immunoreactivities in the scented glands during the breeding season when compared to those of the non-breeding season. In parallel, the gene expressions of PRL, PRLR and STAT5 were significantly higher in the scented glands during the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. The concentrations of PRL in scented glandular tissues and sera were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their levels were both notably higher in the breeding season than those of the nonbreeding season. These findings suggested that the scented glands of the muskrats were capable of extrapituitary synthesis of PRL, which might attribute PRL a specific function to an endocrine or autocrine/paracrine mediator.

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“…[93] has reported that testosterone and estradiol may play a major role in determining musk composition during the early stage of musk secretion but not during the course of musk maturation, which suggests that musk secretion may be promoted by increases in sex hormones in June. Other studies have shown that testosterone plays an important role in the seasonal development of musk glands [92], and oxytocin may regulate the function of muskrat scented glands by the locally expressed receptors [94]. Studies based on transcriptome [42,43] and genetic analysis [35] have shown that a considerable number of genes involved in musk metabolism pathways, such as steroid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption was played a significant role in musk secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing of wild Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) provides insights into its genetic features

Dalai

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer is largely unexplored. Results: Here, we produced 3.10 Gb draft assembly of wild Siberian musk deer with a contig N50 of 29,145 bp and a scaffold N50 of 7,955,248 bp. We annotated 19,363 protein-coding genes and estimated 44.44% of the genome to be repetitive. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that wild Siberian musk deer is closer to Bovidae than to Cervidae. Comparative analyses showed that the genetic features of Siberian musk deer adapted in cold and high-altitude environments. We sequenced two additional genomes of Siberian musk deer constructed demographic history indicated that changes in effective population size corresponded with recent glacial epochs. Finally, we identified several candidate genes that may play a role in the musk secretion based on transcriptome analysis. Conclusions: Here, we present a high-quality draft genome of wild Siberian musk deer, which will provide a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of this economically important musk deer.

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Seasonal Expression of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor in the Scented Gland of Male Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Genetic and histological correlation between the musk gland and skin of Chinese forest musk deer

Genetic and histological correlation between the musk gland and skin of Chinese forest musk deer

Seasonal expressions of prolactin, prolactin receptor and STAT5 in the scented glands of the male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

Whole-genome sequencing of wild Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) provides insights into its genetic features

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