Seasonal Meningoencephalitis in Holstein Cattle Caused by <i>Naegleria Fowleri</i>

Daft, B. M.; Visvesvara, Govinda S.; Read, D. H.; Kinde, Hailu; Uzal, Francisco A.; Manzer, Michael D.

doi:10.1177/104063870501700617

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…have recently been isolated from freshwater sediments in Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions (146). However, these species grew only between room temperature and 30°C (146) (95,117,136). Despite the ubiquity of Naegleria, infections are comparatively rare, and the estimated risk of becoming infected with Naegleria is low (80).…”

Section: Naegleria Fowlerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY There are many neglected nonenteric protozoa able to cause serious morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in the developing world. Diseases caused by certain protozoa are often more severe in the presence of HIV. While information regarding neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatids and Plasmodium is abundant, these protozoa are often not a first consideration in Western countries where they are not endemic. As such, diagnostics may not be available in these regions. Due to global travel and immigration, this has become an increasing problem. Inversely, in certain parts of the world (particularly sub-Saharan Africa), the HIV problem is so severe that diseases like microsporidiosis and toxoplasmosis are common. In Western countries, due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these diseases are infrequently encountered. While free-living amoebae are rarely encountered in a clinical setting, when infections do occur, they are often fatal. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to the survival of patients infected with these organisms. This paper reviews information on the diagnosis and treatment of nonenteric protozoal diseases in immunocompromised people, with a focus on patients infected with HIV. The nonenteric microsporidia, some trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma spp., Neospora spp., some free-living amoebae, Plasmodium spp., and Babesia spp. are discussed.

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Section: Naegleria Fowlerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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“…as previously described (Daft et al 2005) in California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, San Bernardino, California, United States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Acanthamoebíase sistêmica associada a cinomose canina em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba.] Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem--se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áre-as de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica. Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow--reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.INDEX TERMS: Acanthamoeba sp., amebiasis, opportunistic diseases, canine distemper, diseases of dogs.

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“…and Hartmannella sp., responsible for dangerous infections in humans and animals, enter the human body in a similar way (Martinez 1996; Schuster and Visvesvara 2004; Dykova and Lom 2004; Daft et al 2005; Karanis et al 2007; Visvesvara et al 2005, 2007). N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and Naegleria and Hartmannella amoebae in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy

2012

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The present study was aimed at investigating the coexistence and interactions between free living amoebae of Naegleria and Hartmannella genera and pathogenic Legionella pneumophila bacteria in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy in central Poland. Water samples were collected from November 2010 to May 2011 at intervals longer than 1 month. The microorganisms were detected with the use of a very sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridisation method. In addition, the morphology of the amoebae was studied. Despite relatively high salinity level, ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 %, L. pneumophila were found in all investigated baths, although their number never exceeded 106 cells dm−3. Hartmannella were not detected, while Naegleria fowleri were found in one bath. The observation that N. fowleri and L. pneumophila may coexist in thermal saline baths is the first observation emphasising potential threat from these microorganisms in balneotherapy.

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Seasonal Meningoencephalitis in Holstein Cattle Caused by Naegleria Fowleri

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Distribution of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and Naegleria and Hartmannella amoebae in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy

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