Seasonal variation of phenolic content in galled and non-galled tissues of Calliandra brevipes Benth (Fabaceae: Mimosoidae)

Detoni, Michelle de Lima; Vasconcelos, Eveline Gomes; Rust, Naiara Miranda; Isaías, Rosy Mary dos Santos; Soares, Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves

doi:10.1590/s0102-33062011000300013

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Coordinates/Altitude: 10,85072 N 85,60796 W, 321 m. Registry comments: Similar to gall recorded by Bergamini et al (2017). tissue lignification protects the plant against natural enemies, in galls lignification has also been associated with water conduction (Guedes et al 2019), as well as protection from UV and oxidative damages generated by excess light exposure and water deficiency (Detoni et al 2011, Arriola et al 2018. Our data from ACG shows that only 21% of morphotypes exhibit trichomes on the epidermis while 17.6% of gall morphotypes were lignified, which represents less than expected according to the adaptive advantages attributed to both phenotypic traits.…”

Section: Ochnaceaementioning

confidence: 82%

Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database

et al. 2021

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Galling insects are specialist herbivorous that have the ability of manipulating plant tissue to form complex biological structures called galls. Even though different organisms have the ability to induce galls in plants, insect galls have the highest degree of structural complexity. The main goal of this study was to obtain a preliminary systematic record of plant gall morphotypes from the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica and integrate the information into a biological database. Plant gall morphotypes were recorded, characterized and deposited into a specialized herbarium established as a reference for the inventory. Moreover, organisms associated with gall morphotypes were included in the inventory when it was possible to obtain and identify them. Galls were collected in the rainy season over a period of three years. In total, we recorded forty-four families, seventy genera, and eighty-seven host plant species. One hundred thirty-one morphotypes of plant galls were identified in the Guanacaste Conservation Area. The family with the highest number of gall morphotypes was Fabaceae (8.4%). Leaves were the organ with the largest number of galls (71%), followed by stems (17.6%), and apical buds (6.9%). The predominant gall shape was globular (25.2%), followed by discoid (18.3%). Fifty-nine percent of the galls had a glabrous texture, which was most common on leaves, with 77%. One hundred twenty of our field records (91.6%) of plant galls were new morphotypes not only for Costa Rica but also the world. As a consequence of this research and considering the prospect of future increases in new gall records (and associated organisms), we proposed having the biological entities resulting from the inventory placed in a cecidiarium. This repository represents a standardized and comprehensive way to manage the data and biological materials associated with the plant galls. We also suggest a nomenclature for standardizing gall morphotype registries and identifications. This work is the first and most detailed inventory of plant galls carried out thus far in the Guanacaste Conservation Area.

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Section: Ochnaceaementioning

confidence: 82%

Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database

et al. 2021

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“…A amplitude das variações no conteúdo de fenóis totais foi maior nas folhas sadias do que nas folhas galhadas durante todo o período analisado (junho/2018 a junho/2019). Detoni et al (2011) relataram maior variação no perfil fenólico em tecidos sadios de Calliandra brevipes e sugeriram que os insetos galhadores possuem algum mecanismo para limitar essa variação, provavelmente para sua própria defesa. Entretanto, essa menor variação sazonal dos teores de fenóis e flavonoides em tecidos galhados pode estar relacionado ao papel regulador da hipertrofia celular em galhas exercido por esses grupos de substâncias.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Seasonal Variation of Phenols and Flavonoids in Non-Galled and Galled Leaves of Caryocar Brasiliense (Caryocaraceae)

TEIXEIRA¹,

FERREIRA²

2021

PTQ

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Introduction: Galling insects manipulate the development of their host plants. Galls are rich in secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds and terpenes. Caryocar brasiliense acts as a host of galling insects. Few studies report the impacts of this plant-insect interaction on the species' morphology, physiology, and secondary metabolism. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify if there is a correlation between the levels of total phenols and flavonoids in C. brasiliense leaf extracts and environmental variables, such as temperature and precipitation, throughout the year, and to evaluate how galling insects can interfere in this seasonality. Methods: Ethanol extracts from leaves were obtained by soxhlet extraction. The main classes of secondary metabolites were detected by phytochemical prospecting. The levels of total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by the Folin-Dennis tests and complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively. Pearson 's correlation coefficient shows that the levels of phenols and flavonoids were correlated with the average monthly maximum temperatures and precipitation accumulation, respectively, recorded in Gurupi - Tocantins. Results and Discussion: Phytochemical prospecting indicated flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, and alkaloids in both extracts. In C. brasiliense, the samples of healthy leaves suffered a greater variation in the levels of phenols (68.39±2.3 to 279.34±3.1 mg GAE g-1 extract) and flavonoids (164.06± 3.0 at 269.03±3.6 mg QE g-1 extract) compared to leaf samples with galls. A strong positive correlation was found between the contents of total phenols and maximum temperatures and a strong negative correlation with precipitation through Pearson's correlation. Conclusions: The variations observed in the levels of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts of C. brasiliense seem to be related to abiotic factors and the herbivory promoted by the galling insect.

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“…Most research on phenotypic plasticity relies on the use of experiments to determine the extension of environmentally induced phenotypic variation (Formiga et al 2009;Detoni et al 2011;Gianolli & Valladares 2012;Bedetti et al 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)

et al. 2014

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Understanding factors that modulate plant development is still a challenging task in plant biology. Although research has highlighted the role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining final plant structure, we know little of how these factors combine to produce specific developmental patterns. Here, we studied patterns of cell and tissue organisation in galled and non-galled organs of Baccharis reticularia, a Neotropical shrub that hosts over ten species of galling insects. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand patterns of growth and differentiation in its four most abundant gall morphotypes. We compared two leaf galls induced by sap-sucking Hemiptera and stem galls induced by a Lepidopteran and a Dipteran, Cecidomyiidae. The hypotheses tested were: (i) the more complex the galls, the more distinct they are from their non-galled host; (ii) galls induced on less plastic host organs, e.g. stems, develop under more morphogenetic constraints and, therefore, should be more similar among themselves than galls induced on more plastic organs. We also evaluated the plant sex preference of gall-inducing insects for oviposition. Simple galls were qualitative and quantitatively more similar to non-galled organs than complex galls, thereby supporting the first hypothesis. Unexpectedly, stem galls had more similarities between them than to their host organ, hence only partially supporting the second hypothesis. Similarity among stem galls may be caused by the restrictive pattern of host stems. The opposite trend was observed for host leaves, which generate either similar or distinct gall morphotypes due to their higher phenotypic plasticity. The Relative Distance of Plasticity Index for non-galled stems and stem galls ranged from 0.02 to 0.42. Our results strongly suggest that both tissue plasticity and gall inducer identity interact to determine plant developmental patterns, and therefore, final gall structure.

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Seasonal variation of phenolic content in galled and non-galled tissues of Calliandra brevipes Benth (Fabaceae: Mimosoidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database

Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database

Seasonal Variation of Phenols and Flavonoids in Non-Galled and Galled Leaves of Caryocar Brasiliense (Caryocaraceae)

Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)

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