Seasonal variations in daily sperm production rate of rhesus and bonnet monkeys

Gupta, Gopal; Maikhuri, Jagdamba P.; Setty, B.S.; Dhar, J.D.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2000.290605.x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These observations suggest that the testis in this animal is vulnerable to change in its natural environmental temperature, however, in terms of seasonal variation of spermatogenesis in M. radiata it was less affected than M. mulatta (Gupta et al 2000), and these above mentioned anatomical and behavioural adaptations could be playing a major role in this outcome. This was evident from the histology of the testis from new entry from the wild to the colony during the non-breeding season (n = 2).…”

Section: Male Reproductive System In Bonnet Monkey 57mentioning

confidence: 60%

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

2009

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The normal anatomy of the male reproductive system in Macaca radiata is presented here. The external genitalia consist of a triangular button-shaped glans penis. The corpus cavernosum, and spongiosum form the vascular component of the penis and the baculum or os penis forms the non-vascular erectile component. The baculum is one of the longest in the genus macaques. The scrotal sac is non-pigmented, slightly pendulous, with scattered hairs, faintly corrugated, and does not reach the ischial callosities in the sitting posture. The testicles are ovoid in shape without appendix. Right and left testicular arteries originate at the level of the inter-vertebral disc between T12-L1 and L2-L3, respectively. Seminiferous tubules present mixed stages of spermatogenesis, i.e. single/multistage. The epididymis is crescent shaped, attached to the postero-lateral border of the testis without an appendix. Light microscopic observation revealed a characteristic high columnar epithelium with stereocilia. Clear cells or light cells are seen in the caudal region. The ductus deferens display a lumen lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium separated by concentric layers of smooth muscle cells covered by serosa. The seminal vesicles are pyramidal in shape, prominently projecting above the urinary bladder, and are the largest of the accessory glands, typical of polyandrous primate genera. The prostate is conical in shape. Its base is in contact with the trigone of the bladder. Its posterior surface shows a transverse cleft separating an upper quarter, the cranial lobe, from the lower three-quarters of the gland. Compared with other macaques there are many distinguishing features in M. radiata. Excellent adaptability and spermatogenic efficiency in the laboratory environment makes this animal a good primate model for andrological research.

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Section: Male Reproductive System In Bonnet Monkey 57mentioning

confidence: 60%

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

2009

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“…7, top). In this regard, it is noteworthy that adult rodent and adult rhesus testes both produce a similar number of sperm per gram of testis per day (Sharpe, 1994; Gupta et al ., 2000; Thayer et al ., 2001). Therefore it may be concluded that the stem/progenitor cell pools in primates and rodents employ different strategies to meet a similar biological demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dissection of the male germ cell lineage identifies putative spermatogonial stem cells in rhesus macaques

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUNDThe spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) pool in the testes of non-human primates is poorly defined.METHODSTo begin characterizing SSCs in rhesus macaque testes, we employed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a xenotransplant bioassay and immunohistochemical methods and correlated our findings with classical descriptions of germ cell nuclear morphology (i.e. Adark and Apale spermatogonia).RESULTSFACS analysis identified a THY-1+ fraction of rhesus testis cells that was enriched for consensus SSC markers (i.e. PLZF, GFRα1) and exhibited enhanced colonizing activity upon transplantation to nude mouse testes. We observed a substantial conservation of spermatogonial markers from mice to monkeys [PLZF, GFRα1, Neurogenin 3 (NGN3), cKIT]. Assuming that molecular characteristics correlate with function, the pool of putative SSCs (THY-1+, PLZF+, GFRα1+, NGN3+/−, cKIT−) comprises most Adark and Apale and is considerably larger in primates than in rodents. It is noteworthy that the majority of Adark and Apale share a common molecular phenotype, considering their distinct functional classifications as reserve and renewing stem cells, respectively. NGN3 is absent from Adark, but is expressed by some Apale and may mark the transition from undifferentiated (cKIT−) to differentiating (cKIT+) spermatogonia. Finally, the pool of transit-amplifying progenitor spermatogonia (PLZF+, GFRα1+, NGN3+, cKIT+/−) is smaller in primates than in rodents.CONCLUSIONSThese results provide an in-depth analysis of molecular characteristics of primate spermatogonia, including SSCs, and lay a foundation for future studies investigating the kinetics of spermatogonial renewal, clonal expansion and differentiation during primate spermatogenesis.

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“…In contrast to the large SSC pool, the relative size of the progenitor pool (GFRα1 + , PLZF + , NGN3 + , cKIT − ) appeared much smaller in adult macaques than in rodents. Thus, it appears that rodents and primates employ different strategies to meet a similar biological demand [adult rodent and adult rhesus testes have similar sperm output per gram of testis per day (Sharpe 1994; Gupta et al 2000; Thayer et al 2001)]. Rodents may have few SSCs and more transit-amplifying progenitors while rhesus testes may have more SSCs and fewer transit-amplifying progenitors.…”

Section: Marker Analysis For Functional Categorization Of Rhesus Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermatogonial stem cells in higher primates: are there differences from those in rodents?

Hermann¹,

Sukhwani²,

Hansel³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

159

116

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Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) maintain spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive life of mammals. While A single spermatogonia comprise the rodent SSC pool, the identity of the stem cell pool in the primate spermatogenic lineage is not well established. The prevailing model is that primate spermatogenesis arises from A dark and A pale spermatogonia, which are considered to represent reserve and active stem cells respectively. However, there is limited information about how the A dark and A pale descriptions of nuclear morphology correlate with the clonal (A single , A paired , and A aligned ), molecular (e.g. GFRa1 (GFRA1) and PLZF), and functional (SSC transplantation) descriptions of rodent SSCs. Thus, there is a need to investigate primate SSCs using criteria, tools, and approaches that have been used to investigate rodent SSCs over the past two decades. SSCs have potential clinical application for treating some cases of male infertility, providing impetus for characterizing and learning to manipulate these adult tissue stem cells in primates (nonhuman and human). This review recounts the development of a xenotransplant assay for functional identification of primate SSCs and progress dissecting the molecular and clonal characteristics of the primate spermatogenic lineage. These observations highlight the similarities and potential differences between rodents and primates regarding the SSC pool and the kinetics of spermatogonial self-renewal and clonal expansion. With new tools and reagents for studying primate spermatogonia, the field is poised to develop and test new hypotheses about the biology and regenerative capacity of primate SSCs.Reproduction (2010) 139 479-493

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Seasonal variations in daily sperm production rate of rhesus and bonnet monkeys

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

Molecular dissection of the male germ cell lineage identifies putative spermatogonial stem cells in rhesus macaques

Spermatogonial stem cells in higher primates: are there differences from those in rodents?

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