Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian sea

Haake, B.; Ittekkot, V.; Rixen, Tim; Ramaswamy, V.; Nair, R.R.; Curry, William B

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90114-i

Cited by 333 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We set the dust input to a constant of 4.3 g m − 2 a − 1 . This value is based on sediment trap data recorded for the central Arabian Sea by Haake et al (1993). Honjo et al (1999) found a slightly higher value of 5.9 g m − 2 a − 1 in 1995 at 15.5 N, 61.5 E. Keeping in mind that the interannual variability of physical and biological properties in the Arabian Sea is quite high (Kumar et al, 2001), these data sets provide a fairly consistent setting for studying processes in the "normal", that is, non El-Niño Arabian Sea (Kinkade et al, 2001) around 1995.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early deep-sea deployments of time-series sediment traps (Deuser et al, 1981) a correlation of the fluxes of organic carbon and mostly abiogenic aluminum was observed in the Sargasso Sea (Deuser et al, 1983), in the Arabian Sea (Ramaswamy et al, 1991;Haake et al, 1993;Honjo et al, 1999) and in the tropical North and South Atlantic (Balzer, unpublished data). This may not be anticipated because lithogenic particles originate from eolian inputs controlled by random wind and/or rainfall or riverine sources, while fluxes of organic materials are related to the annual productivity cycle governed by nutrient supply, insolation and mixed layer dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

Barkmann

Schäfer-Neth

Balzer

2010

Journal of Marine Systems

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A one-dimensional model "ADAM" is presented that allows the prognostic computation of the interactions between mineral particles (dust) and biologically formed aggregates. The model couples a 7-compartment biogeochemical component (NO 3 , NH 4 , phytoplankton aggregates, zooplankton, detritus, carbon, and chlorophyll) and a 4-compartment component for the tracing of mineral particles: single free particles in the water, particles aggregated with phytoplankton, incorporated in zooplankton, and attached to detritus. It resolves both annual and daily cycles of plankton and the fate of dust from eolian import into the ocean via biological activity, aggregation and disaggregation to sedimentation at the sea floor. The model results suggest that particle scavenging is essentially occurring in the mixed layer, where biological activity and shear aggregation regulate the formation of the aggregates. The aggregates interact intensively with the suspended pool of dust particles, and sink through the upper main thermocline with increasing speed. Particle break up and organic matter degradation are important mechanisms for particle cycling in the intermediate and deeper layers. The model predicts an 80% decrease of the annual carbon flux between 100 m and 3000 m depth. The vertical profile of Al-contents in suspended particulates and the annual average vertical flux of particulate organic matter are fairly well reproduced by the model, as well as the seasonal cycles of carbon and dust fluxes in the ocean interior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

Barkmann

Schäfer-Neth

Balzer

2010

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…The Arabian Sea is a highly productive area driven by the Asian monsoon, having a pronounced climatic feature of global significance (Nair et al 1989;Haake et al 1996). There is an apprehension that environmental characterisation of coastal and estuarine waters will inevitably have consequences for the Arabian Sea's ecosystem.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of REEs in a tropical estuary and adjacent continental shelf of southwest coast of India: Evidence from anomalies

2012

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The distribution and accumulation of the rare earth elements (REE) in the sediments of the Cochin Estuary and adjacent continental shelf were investigated. The rare earth elements like La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and the heavy metals like Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, U, Th were analysed by using standard analytical methods. The Post-Archean Australian Shale composition was used to normalise the rare earth elements. It was found that the sediments were more enriched with the lighter rare earth elements than the heavier ones. The positive correlation between the concentrations of REE, Fe and Mn could explain the precipitation of oxyhydroxides in the study area. The factor analysis and correlation analysis suggest common sources of origin for the REEs. From the Ce-anomalies calculated, it was found that an oxic environment predominates in all stations except the station No. 2. The Eu-anomaly gave an idea that the origin of REEs may be from the feldspar. The parameters like total organic carbon, U/Th ratio, authigenic U, Cu/Zn, V/Cr ratios revealed the oxic environment and thus the depositional behaviour of REEs in the region.

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“…The latest findings from the JGOFS disprove many previous long-held notions, and suggest high production during the northeast monsoon (Smith et al 1998;Burkill et al 1993;Prasanna Kumar et al 2000). Aggregation and sinking flux of organic matter following phytoplankton blooms are common in marine ecosystems (Takahashi 1986;Bodungen et al 1986), including the Arabian Sea where seasonal changes in sedimentation rates are high (Nair et al 1989;Haake et al 1993). The Arabian Sea also has an extensive denitrification zone at mid depths (Naqvi 1994;Naqvi et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and relationship of bacteria with transparent exopolymer particles during the 1996 summer monsoon in the Arabian Sea

et al. 2000

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Bacterial abundance and production, numbers, sizes and concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured during the 1996 summer monsoon to understand the relationship between TEP, the most labile particulate organic carbon, and bacteria. While high regional variability in the vertical distribution of TOC was discernible, TEP concentrations were high in surface waters at 18--20 N along 64 E with concentrations well over 25 mg alginic acid equivalents l À1 due to upwelling induced productivity. Their concentrations decreased with depth and were lower between 200 and 500 m. Bacterial concentrations were up to 1.99 Â 10 8 l À1 in the surface waters and decreased by an order of magnitude or more at depths below 500 m. A better relationship has been found between bacterial abundance and concentrations of TEP than between bacteria and TOC, indicating that bacterial metabolism is fueled by availability of TEP in the Arabian Sea. Assuming a carbon assimilation of 33%, bacterial carbon demand (BCD) is estimated to be 1.017 to 4.035 g C m À2 d À1 in the surface waters. The observed TEP concentrations appear to be sufficient in meeting the surface and subsurface BCD in the northern Arabian Sea.

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Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian sea

Cited by 333 publications

References 36 publications

Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

Behaviour of REEs in a tropical estuary and adjacent continental shelf of southwest coast of India: Evidence from anomalies

Abundance and relationship of bacteria with transparent exopolymer particles during the 1996 summer monsoon in the Arabian Sea

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