Secondary Metabolites of Basidiomycetes

Schüffler, Anja

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71740-1_8

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…Members of the Agaricomycotina are the other main group of secondary metabolite‐producing fungi (Schüffler & Anke, ; Zhong & Xiao, ; Quin, Flynn & Schmidt‐Dannert, ; Stadler & Hoffmeister, ; Lin et al ., ). HGT seems to be relatively rare among this group, and cluster gene duplication appears to be the main evolutionary force behind metabolic diversification (Wisecaver et al ., ).…”

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agaricomycetes produce a relative abundance of alkaloid and terpenoid compounds and a reduced amount of NRPs, compared to Pezizomycotina (Brakhage, ; Bills & Gloer, ; Rokas et al ., ). The diversity of secondary metabolites in Agaricomycetes is not fully explored, mostly due to limitations on de novo gene prediction strategies that are optimized for the Pezizomycotina (Quin et al ., ), although thousands of compounds have been chemically identified from this group (Schüffler & Anke, ; Zhong & Xiao, ; Stadler & Hoffmeister, ). Information regarding genetic regulation of secondary metabolism in Agaricomycetes is very limited.…”

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Naranjo‐Ortiz

Gabaldón

2020

Biological Reviews

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The question of how phenotypic and genomic complexity are inter‐related and how they are shaped through evolution is a central question in biology that historically has been approached from the perspective of animals and plants. In recent years, however, fungi have emerged as a promising alternative system to address such questions. Key to their ecological success, fungi present a broad and diverse range of phenotypic traits. Fungal cells can adopt many different shapes, often within a single species, providing them with great adaptive potential. Fungal cellular organizations span from unicellular forms to complex, macroscopic multicellularity, with multiple transitions to higher or lower levels of cellular complexity occurring throughout the evolutionary history of fungi. Similarly, fungal genomes are very diverse in their architecture. Deep changes in genome organization can occur very quickly, and these phenomena are known to mediate rapid adaptations to environmental changes. Finally, the biochemical complexity of fungi is huge, particularly with regard to their secondary metabolites, chemical products that mediate many aspects of fungal biology, including ecological interactions. Herein, we explore how the interplay of these cellular, genomic and metabolic traits mediates the emergence of complex phenotypes, and how this complexity is shaped throughout the evolutionary history of Fungi.

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Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Naranjo‐Ortiz

Gabaldón

2020

Biological Reviews

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“…Filamentous fungi are introduced as potential pigment producing microorganisms [124]. They produce a wide range of pigments such as carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, and sometimes monascins, violacein or indigo [9,125]. Aspergillus sp.…”

Section: Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production and secretion of several different enzymes such as proteases and lipases have enabled filamentous fungi to degrade, consume, and thrive on different substrates [4,7]. Filamentous fungi can also be the source of metabolites such as ethanol and carboxylic acids, pigments, and antibiotics [5,8,9]. In addition, as fungal biomass is rich in proteins, fatty acids and vitamins, it makes a potentially suitable human food and animal feed source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Organic Wastes and Industrial By-Products to Produce Filamentous Fungi with Potential as Aqua-Feed Ingredients

et al. 2018

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Organic-rich waste and industrial by-product streams, generated in enormous amounts on a daily basis, contain substantial amounts of nutrients that are worthy of recovery. Biological conversion of organic-waste streams using filamentous fungi is a promising approach to convert nutrients into value-added bioproducts, such as fungal biomass. High-protein fungal biomass contains different kinds and levels of amino acids, fatty acids, immunostimulants, antioxidants, pigments, etc., which make it a potential choice for application in animal feed supplementation. Considering the challenges long faced by the aquaculture industry in fishmeal production due to the increasing prices and environmental concerns, the aquaculture industry is forced to provide alternative protein-rich sources to replace conventional fishmeal. In this review, the possibilities of utilization of filamentous fungi biomass cultivated on organic-rich waste streams, as an alternative nutrient source in fish feed, were thoroughly reviewed.

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“…Over the past two decades, the health-promoting effect of mushrooms has attracted a lot of attention due to the wide range of secondary metabolites present in fruiting bodies and submerged culture [ 25 , 26 ]. In particular, about 270 species are now considered as potential therapeutic or preventative agents used to ensure human health [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Tricholosporum goniospermum, an Edible Wild Mushroom

et al. 2020

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Tricholosporum goniospermum (Bres.) Guzmán ex T.J. Baroni is an excellent edible mushroom whose compounds and biological properties are still unknown. In this study, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from fruiting bodies and liquid-cultured mycelia were compared for the analysis of phenolic compounds, the evaluation of scavenger (DPPH, ABTS) and reducing (CUPRAC, FRAP) activities, and the enzyme inhibition of α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Additionally, T. goniospermum extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and antimycotic activities against Gram+ and Gram− bacteria, and clinical yeast and fungal dermatophytes. Finally, based on the extract content in phenolic compounds, in silico studies, including the docking approach, were conducted to predict the putative targets (namely tyrosinase, lanosterol-14-α-demethylase, the multidrug efflux system transporters of E. coli (mdtK) and P. aeruginosa (pmpM), and S. aureus β-lactamase (ORF259)) underlying the observed bio-pharmacological and microbiological effects. The methanolic extract from mycelia was the richest in gallic acid, whereas the ethyl acetate extract from fruiting bodies was the sole extract to show levels of catechin. Specifically, docking runs demonstrated an affinity of catechin towards all docked proteins, in the micromolar range. These in silico data are consistent, at least in part, with the highest activity of ethyl acetate extract as an antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase (554.30 mg KAE/g for fruiting bodies and 412.81 mg KAE/g for mycelia) agent. The ethyl acetate extracts were also noted as being the most active (2.97 mmol ACAE/g for fruiting bodies and 2.25 mmol ACAE/g for mycelia) on α-amylase. BChE inhibitory activities varied from 2.61 to 26.78 mg GALAE/g, while the tested extracts were not active on AChE. In conclusion, all mushroom extracts tested in this study had potent antimicrobial activities. Particularly, among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest efficacy as both an antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase agent. This could be related, albeit partially, to its content of catechin. In this regard, the bioinformatics analyses showed interactions of catechin with tyrosinase and specific microbial proteins involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, thus suggesting innovative pharmacological applications of T. goniospermum extracts.

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Secondary Metabolites of Basidiomycetes

Cited by 17 publications

References 274 publications

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Use of Organic Wastes and Industrial By-Products to Produce Filamentous Fungi with Potential as Aqua-Feed Ingredients

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Tricholosporum goniospermum, an Edible Wild Mushroom

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