Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin‐binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol

Sangild, Per Torp; Hilsted, Linda; Nexø, Ebba; Fowden, AL; Silver, M.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003747

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by the effects of exogenous cortisol on enzyme activity in fetuses that underwent an operation and by the positive correlations of enzyme activity in controls that did not undergo an operation to plasma cortisol values. In this regard, the results extend our earlier findings that cortisol stimulates the prenatal rise in acid, gastrin, and protease secretion in the fetal pig stomach (16,27), pancreatic amylase and trypsin contents (28), and liver glycogen deposition (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Details of the surgical procedures for fetal and maternal intravascular catheterization and the insertion of 7-d osmotic minipumps (model 2001, Alzet, Palo Alto, CA) into fetuses have been given previously (15,16). Each pump had been filled before insertion with a 200-1l,L sterile solution of either 0.9% saline or cortisol (E.F. Cortilan, Glaxo, Greenford, UK).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Prenatal Development and Glucocorticoid Control of Brush-Border Hydrolases in the Pig Small Intestine

Sangild¹,

et al. 1995

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prenatal Development and Glucocorticoid Control of Brush-Border Hydrolases in the Pig Small Intestine

Sangild¹,

et al. 1995

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“…For gastrin, samples were analyzed as described previously, with an antibody validated for pigs (code no. 2604) (40). For GLP-2, samples were extracted in a final concentration of 75% ethanol and GLP-2 was measured with an NH 2-terminal specific antiserum (code no.…”

Section: Animals and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs

Hansen

Thymann

Andersen

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Preterm infants often tolerate full enteral nutrition a few weeks after birth but it is not known how this is related to gut maturation. Using pigs as models, we hypothesized that intestinal structure and digestive function are similar in preterm and term individuals at 3-4 wk after birth and that early enteral nutrition promotes maturation. Preterm or term cesareandelivered pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition, or partial enteral nutrition [Enteral (Ent), 16 -64 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 of bovine colostrum] for 5 days, followed by full enteral milk feeding until day 26. The intestine was collected for histological and biochemical analyses at days 0, 5, and 26 (n ϭ 8 -12 in each of 10 treatment groups). Intestinal weight (relative to body weight) was reduced in preterm pigs at 0 -5 days but ENT feeding stimulated the mucosal volume and peptidase activities. Relative to term pigs, mucosal volume remained reduced in preterm pigs until 26 days although plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulin-trophic peptide (GIP) levels were increased. Preterm pigs also showed reduced hexose absorptive capacity and brush-border enzyme (sucrase, maltase) activities at 26 days, relative to term pigs. Intestinal structure shows a remarkable growth adaptation in the first week after preterm birth, especially with enteral nutrition, whereas some digestive functions remain immature until at least 3-4 wk. It is important to identify feeding regimens that stimulate intestinal maturation in the postnatal period of preterm infants because some intestinal functions may show long-term developmental delay. prematurity; gut development; enzymes; digestion; glucagon-like peptide 2 ABOUT 10% OF ALL INFANTS are born preterm (Ͻ37 weeks of gestation) and the proportion is increasing in most countries (6). Preterm infants show an increased susceptibility to infections, respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, extrauterine growth restriction, neurodevelopmental disturbances, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (21, 31). The challenges are inversely related to gestational age at birth and the most severe adaptation problems occur during the first few weeks after birth. If preterm infants survive the difficult neonatal period, their body functions often adapt well, although some organ systems may show long-term developmental delay or deficits (18). It remains unknown how different organ systems adapt in preterm infants and when parameters of structure and function become similar to those in term infants. For gastrointestinal (GI) functions, eating disorders and dysregulated appetite have been reported in preterm infants (44) but very little is known about the long-term adaptation of the GI tract in preterm neonates.Investigations of postnatal GI adaptation in preterm neonates are difficult without an animal model that combines preterm birth, high NEC risk, and clinically relevant feeding interventions, such as parenteral and enteral nutrition. Piglets delivere...

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“…Extracts of fundic mucosa from postnatal pigs were prepared (Sangild et al 1994) and the total cobalamin-binding capacity measured as described (Gottlieb, Lau, Wasserman & Herbert, 1965;Sangild et al 1994 (SAS, 1988 Body weight and clinical findings Body weight of newborn full-term pigs (1 10 + 0 06 kg, VD and CD) was significantly higher (P < 0*05) than that of preterm pigs at 100 days gestation (0.80 + 0.05 kg). The newborn VD pigs had significantly lower blood pH values at birth (pH 7*21 + 0.03) than the CD pigs (pH 7.32 + 0.01).…”

Section: Tissue Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal birth versus elective caesarean section: effects on gastric function in the neonate

Sangild¹,

Hilsted²,

Nexø³

et al. 1995

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYPlasma gastrin concentration increases in late gestation and reaches a peak at birth or shortly after birth in many species ('neonatal hypergastrinaemia'). We investigated the hypothesis that gastrin and gastric acid secretion in the neonate is influenced by the final rise in plasma cortisol associated with spontaneous (vaginal) birth. Caesarean-delivered (CD, n = 28) or vaginally delivered (VD, n = 24) premature or full-term piglets (97-115 days gestation) were killed immediately after birth (using pentobarbitone). Compared with newborn CD pigs, the newborn VD pigs had significantly higher (P < 0-05) concentrations of cortisol (669 + 60 versus 223 + 2 nM) and gastrin (57 + 4 versus 33 + 1 pM) in plasma, and significantly lower gastric fluid pH (3-3 + 0-2 versus 4-7 + 0-3), amidated (bioactive) gastrin in the antrum (550 + 77 versus 1220 + 29 pmol g-') and glycine-extended (precursor) gastrin in the antrum (81 + 10 versus 143 ± 5 pmol g-1). There were significant linear correlations between log plasma cortisol values and plasma gastrin (r = 0 40, P < 0.05) or gastric fluid pH (r = -0.51, P < 0-05) in newborn pigs. The effects of cortisol in the immediate postnatal period were investigated in forty-one CD pigs born at 111-112 days gestation and treated with saline, metyrapone (an inhibitor of cortisol synthesis) or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from 0 to 7 days after birth. At 7 days, plasma gastrin in ACTH-treated pigs (elevated plasma cortisol) was significantly lower than in saline-treated pigs, but not different from that in metyrapone-treated pigs (low plasma cortisol). No treatment effects were observed postnatally for antral gastrin and fundic cobalamin-binding protein concentrations. These results suggest that in the intrapartum period the high circulating cortisol levels stimulate the normal rise in gastrin and acid secretion associated with spontaneous vaginal delivery in the piglet, whereas postnatally, cortisol is unlikely to play an important role in the subsequent development of gastrin and acid secretion.

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Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin‐binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

The Prenatal Development and Glucocorticoid Control of Brush-Border Hydrolases in the Pig Small Intestine

The Prenatal Development and Glucocorticoid Control of Brush-Border Hydrolases in the Pig Small Intestine

Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs

Vaginal birth versus elective caesarean section: effects on gastric function in the neonate

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