Sediment sources and sedimentation processes of 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami deposits on the Sendai Plain, Japan — Insights from diatoms, nannoliths and grain size distribution

Szczuciński, Witold; Kokociński, Mikołaj; Rzeszewski, Michał; Chagué‐Goff, Catherine; Cachão, Mário; Goto, Kazuhisa; Sugawara, Daisuke

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.07.019

Cited by 168 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…8) have characteristics similar to those of tsunami deposits described from peat or soil sequences landward of sandy beaches (e.g., Dawson and Smith, 2000;Gelfenbaum and Jaffe, 2003;Bourgeois et al, 2006;Jankaew et al, 2008;MacInnes et al, 2009;Sawai et al, 2012;Szczuciński et al, 2012), where sheets of clean sand less than a few centimeters thick can be mapped for hundreds of meters inland. Beds D, H, I, and N rise 7-8 m along the 265 m length of the core transect; even the deepest beds of this group, found only in a few cores, extend at least 100 m (Fig.…”

Section: Drained Lake Sitementioning

confidence: 83%

“…The characteristics of modern and Holocene tsunami deposits have been extensively reviewed (e.g., Dawson et al, 1991;Minoura and Nakaya, 1991;Hemphill-Haley, 1996;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Dominey-Howes et al, 2006;Morton et al, 2007;Shiki et al, 2008;Bourgeois, 2009;Apotsos et al, 2011;Szczuciński et al, 2012). Although some characteristics are common to many tsunami deposits, most deposit characteristics are strongly dependent on site geomorphology and sediment sources.…”

Section: Identifying Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinguishing between sand beds deposited landward of the shore during the largest storms and by tsunamis can be problematic at some sites, although general discriminating criteria were proposed (Nanyama et al, 2000;Witter et al, 2001;Goff et al, 2004;Tuttle et al, 2004;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Morton et al, 2007;Switzer and Jones, 2008). Multiple lithologic, stratigraphic, and site geomorphic criteria, commonly supported by paleontological, geochemical, anthropological, or historical analog data, are required to show deposition by a tsunami (Peters and Jaffe, 2010;Goff et al, 2010;Szczuciński et al, 2012;Chagué-Goff et al, 2015).…”

Section: Identifying Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of twenty-first century earthquakes of unexpected magnitude (M; e.g., 2004 M 9.2 Sumatra-Andaman; 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan), accompanied by tsunamis of unanticipated height, much has been written about the need for assessments of tsunami hazards at subduction zones (e.g., Dominey-Howes et al, 2006;Dawson and Stewart, 2007;Satake and Atwater, 2007;Shennan et al, 2009;Goto et al, 2011;Butler, 2012;Goff et al, 2012;Ryan et al, 2012a;Szczuciński et al, 2012;Satake, 2014). The most comprehensive assessments are based on earthquake and tsunami histories that span multiple cycles of strain accumulation and release on the megathrust faults of subduction zones, that is, over many hundreds to thousands of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the role of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust as the source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre-twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island's southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13-15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3-5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5-15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10-265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of >10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, 14 C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island's history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of >10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180-270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr.

show abstract

Section: Drained Lake Sitementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Identifying Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The landward limit of tsunami deposits differs from the limit of inundation and thus represents a minimal value (55-95 % of the inundation distance, depending on the topography and characteristics of the sediments available: Sugawara et al, 2011;Abe et al, 2012;Chagué-Goff et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of the tsunami generated by the 1650 AD eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece)

Ulvrová

Paris

Nomikou

et al. 2016

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The 1650 AD explosive eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece) generated a destructive tsunami. In this paper we propose a source mechanism of this poorly documented tsunami using both geological investigations and numerical simulations. Sedimentary evidence of the 1650 AD tsunami was found along the coast of Santorini Island at maximum altitudes ranging between 3.5 m a.s.l. (Perissa, southern coast) and 20 m a.s.l. (Monolithos, eastern coast), corresponding to a minimum inundation of 360 and 630 m respectively. Tsunami deposits consist of an irregular 5 to 30 cm thick layer of dark grey sand that overlies pumiceous deposits erupted during the Minoan eruption and are found at depths of 30-50 cm below the surface.Composition of the tsunami sand is similar to the composition of the present-day beach sand but differs from the pumiceous gravelly deposits on which it rests. The spatial distribution of the tsunami deposits was compared to available historical records and to the results of numerical simulations of tsunami inundation. Different source mechanisms were tested: earthquakes, underwater explosions, caldera collapse, and pyroclastic flows. The most probable source of the 1650 AD Kolumbo tsunami is a 250 m high water surface displacement generated by underwater explosion with an energy of ~2 × 10 16 J at water depths between 20 and 150 m. The tsunamigenic explosion(s) occurred on September 29, 1650 during the transition between submarine and subaerial phases of the eruption. Caldera subsidence is not an efficient tsunami source mechanism as short (and probably unrealistic) collapse durations (< 5 minutes) are needed. Pyroclastic flows cannot be discarded, but the required flux (10 6 to 10 7 m³.s -1 ) is exceptionally high compared to the magnitude of the eruption.

show abstract

Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami

Naruse

Abe

2017

JGR Earth Surface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tsunami deposits provide important clues to understand ancient tsunami events. Several inverse models have been proposed to estimate the magnitude of paleotsunamis from their deposits. However, existing models consider neither nonuniform transport of suspended sediment nor turbulent mixing, which are essential factors governing sedimentation from suspension in tsunami flows. Here we propose a new inverse model of tsunami deposit emplacement, considering both transport of nonuniform suspended load and entrainment of basal sediments. This inversion model requires the spatial distribution of deposit thickness and the pattern of grain size distributions of the tsunami deposit along a 1‐D shoreline‐normal transect as input data. It produces as output run‐up flow velocity, inundation depth, and concentration of suspended sediment. To solve for advection of nonuniform suspended load, a transformed coordinate system is adopted, which increases computational efficiency. Tests of model inversions using artificial data successfully allow reconstruction of the original input values, suggesting the effectiveness of our optimization method. We apply our new inversion model to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki tsunami deposit on Sendai Plain, Japan. The thickness and grain size distribution of the tsunami deposit was measured along a 4 km long transect normal to the coastline. The result of our inversion fits well with the observations from aerial videos and field surveys. We conclude that this method is suitable for the analysis of ancient tsunami deposits and that it has the advantage of requiring relatively little information about the condition of the emplacing paleotsunami for reconstruction.

show abstract

Sediment sources and sedimentation processes of 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami deposits on the Sendai Plain, Japan — Insights from diatoms, nannoliths and grain size distribution

Cited by 168 publications

References 72 publications

Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

Source of the tsunami generated by the 1650 AD eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece)

Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About